Abstracts
Abstract
Multinational corporations are undeniably the driving force of globalization and regional economic integration. A convenient institutional framework (Hall and Soskice, 2001) to apply when comparing multinationals from different host countries is the well-travelled road of dividing capitalist economies into coordinated market economies (CMEs) and liberal market economies (LMEs). This article aims to elucidate the tensions between centralized human resources practices and labour union avoidance usually exhibited by multinationals from so-called Liberal Market Economies (LMEs) when they expand into coordinated ones (CMEs). Specifically, it examines the recent acquisition of the German retail giant Galeria Kaufhof by the Canadian multinational Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC).
The article shows that HBC has settled into an uneasy acceptance of the CME institutions, while its investment motives vacillate between a long-term, market-enlargement strategy and a short- to medium-term one, based on the rapidly increasing real estate value of its downtown flagship stores. The article encourages researchers in IR to retain three principal conclusions for the literature and for further study. First, without predetermining outcomes by looking at host-country or home-country effects alone, institutionalist frameworks do present a convenient backdrop for conceptualizing movements of multinationals across jurisdictions. Secondly, concepts such as bricolage, recombining of institutional elements and institutional entrepreneurship, stemming from the institutional change literature, should routinely figure in one’s analytical toolbox, in any attempt at non-deterministic institutional analysis. Finally, sector-level actors, such as trade unions and employers’ associations, can play an essential role in any successful adaptation of collective bargaining institutions in the context of globalization by developing, maintaining and carefully utilizing their repertoire of strategic capabilities.
Keywords:
- multinationals,
- trade unions,
- employers’ associations,
- institutionalism,
- strategic capabilities
Résumé
Les entreprises multinationales sont indéniablement le moteur de la mondialisation et de l’intégration économique régionale. Un cadre théorique institutionnel (Hall et Soskice, 2001) à appliquer lors de la comparaison de multinationales de différents pays hôtes s’avère être la division bien connue des économies capitalistes, à savoir les économies de marché coordonnées et les économies de marché libérales. Cet article vise à élucider les tensions qui se créent entre les pratiques centralisées en matière de gestion des ressources humaines et la recherche de l’évitement de la présence syndicale habituellement affichées par les multinationales d’économies de marché libérales (EML) lorsque ces dernières se développent dans des économies de marché coordonnées (EMC). Plus précisément, il examine l’acquisition récente du géant allemand du commerce de détail Galeria Kaufhof par une multinationale canadienne, la Compagnie de la Baie d’Hudson (CBH).
L’article montre que la CBH est parvenue à accepter avec réticence les institutions des EMC alors que ses motivations en matière d’investissement oscillaient entre une stratégie à long terme d’élargissement de ses parts de marché et une stratégie à court et à moyen termes fondée sur la croissance rapide de la valeur immobilière de ses magasins-phares du centre-ville. L’article encourage les chercheurs en relations industrielles (RI) à retenir trois conclusions principales du point de vue de la littérature qui pourront servir dans des études ultérieures. Premièrement, sans préjuger des résultats et en examinant uniquement les effets sur le pays hôte ou le pays d’origine, les cadres institutionnalistes constituent une toile de fond utile permettant de conceptualiser les mouvements de multinationales d’un pays à l’autre. Deuxièmement, des concepts tels que le ‘bricolage’, la ‘recombinaison d’éléments institutionnels’ et ‘l’entrepreneuriat institutionnel’, tous issus de la littérature sur le changement institutionnel, devraient systématiquement figurer dans la boîte à outils de l’analyste, notamment dans toute tentative d’analyse institutionnelle non déterministe. Enfin, les acteurs sectoriels, tels que les syndicats et les associations d’employeurs, peuvent jouer un rôle essentiel dans toute adaptation réussie des institutions liées à la négociation collective en contexte de mondialisation en développant, en maintenant et en utilisant, avec précaution, leur répertoire de capacités stratégiques.
Mots-clés:
- multinationales,
- syndicats,
- associations d’employeurs,
- institutionnalisme,
- capacités stratégiques
Resumen
Las corporaciones multinacionales son indudablemente la fuerza impulsora de la globalización y de la integración económica regional. Un marco institucional pertinente (Hall y Soskice, 2001) para la comparación de multinacionales de diferentes países anfitriones es la división muy conocida de las economías capitalistas entre economías de mercado coordinadas (EMC) y economías de mercado liberales (EML). Este artículo pretende dilucidar las tensiones entre las prácticas centralizadas de recursos humanos y la evitación sindical que suelen exhibir las multinacionales de las denominadas Economías de Mercado Liberales (EML) cuando se desarrollan convirtiéndose en economías coordinadas (EMC). Específicamente, se examina la reciente adquisición del gigante alemán del comercio minorista Galería Kaufhof por la multinacional canadiense Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC).
Este artículo muestra que HBC ha logrado aceptar con reticencia las instituciones de las EMC, mientras que sus motivaciones en materia de inversión oscilaban entre una estrategia a largo plazo de ampliación de su cuota de mercado y una estrategia a corto y mediano plazo basada en el rápido crecimiento del valor inmobiliario de sus tiendas-faros del centro de la ciudad. Este artículo incentiva a los investigadores de relaciones industriales a retener tres conclusiones principales desde el punto de vista de la literatura y que podrían servir para estudios ulteriores. En primer lugar, si no se determinan de antemano los efectos en el país anfitrión o en el país de origen, los marcos institucionales proporcionan un marco conveniente para conceptualizar los movimientos de las multinacionales entre jurisdicciones. En segundo lugar, los conceptos como el bricolaje, la recombinación de elementos institucionales y el emprendimiento institucional, derivados de la bibliografía sobre el cambio institucional, deberían figurar sistemáticamente en la propia caja de herramientas analíticas, en cualquier intento de análisis institucional no determinista. Por último, los actores sectoriales, como los sindicatos y las asociaciones de empresarios, pueden desempeñar un papel esencial en cualquier adaptación satisfactoria de las instituciones de negociación colectiva en el contexto de la globalización mediante el desarrollo, el mantenimiento y la utilización cuidadosa de su repertorio de capacidades estratégicas.
Palabras claves:
- multinacionales,
- sindicatos,
- asociación de empleadores,
- institucionalismo,
- capacidades estratégicas
Appendices
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