Abstracts
Abstract
We analyze four calls to action issued by the British Columbia Teachers’ Federation (BCTF) president, Jim Iker. These appeals sought to mobilize members during the 2013-2014 collective bargaining that pitted the BCTF against the British Columbia government and the direct employer, the British Columbia Public School Employers’ Association. We apply a “theory of rhetoric” developed by Chaim Perelman to locate and analyze the topics the BCTF president used to persuade his members to adhere to his arguments about the merit of collective action.
We argue that the president constructed his rhetoric by visiting five topics—urgency, fairness, futility, agency, and integrity. The first three promoted a utilitarian logic for collective action. Iker used them to persuade teachers, and other stakeholders, that collective action was necessary for addressing the problem—the futility of the bargaining process to produce a negotiated fair agreement due to the government’s reluctance to bargain in good faith. The last two topics—agency and integrity—comprised a rhetoric of comfort and reassurance offering an affective logic for acting collectively. At least some union members, as well as other stakeholders, might have felt that teachers are expected to care for their charges in the classroom rather than on the picket line, by withdrawing services they monopolize. Iker used the topics of agency and integrity to remind everyone that defending students, young teachers, the teaching profession, and the education system was commendable, and reassured them that collectively they would not be ignored and nor would they fail.
In short, we have pointed out five topics that the president visited to mobilize his members to collective action. They highlight a unique rhetoric that aimed to persuade teachers to become agents of protest. Our case study methodology did not allow us to generalize our findings, which more research is, thus, needed to corroborate.
Keywords:
- rhetoric,
- labour conflict,
- teachers,
- collective action,
- government
Résumé
Dans cet article, nous analysons quatre appels à l’action collective lancés par Jim Iker, président de la Fédération des enseignants de la Colombie-Britannique (FECB). Ces appels visaient à mobiliser les membres lors de la négociation collective de 2013-2014, laquelle opposait la FECB au gouvernement de la Colombie-Britannique et à l’employeur direct, l’Association des employeurs des écoles publiques de Colombie-Britannique. Pour y parvenir, nous utilisons une « théorie de la rhétorique » développée par Chaim Perelman afin d’identifier et d’analyser les thèmes que le président de la FTCB a utilisés pour convaincre ses membres d’adhérer à ses arguments sur le mérite de l’action collective.
Nous soutenons que le président a élaboré sa rhétorique à partir des cinq thèmes suivants : l’urgence d’agir, l’équité, la futilité, la nécessité de l’action et l’intégrité. Les trois premiers s’appuyaient sur une logique utilitaire en faveur de l’action collective. Iker les a utilisés dans le but de persuader les enseignants et les autres parties prenantes à la négociation que l’action collective était devenue nécessaire afin de s’attaquer au problème principal, soit la futilité du processus de négociation visant à parvenir à un accord négocié, cela en raison de la réticence du gouvernement à négocier de bonne foi. Les deux derniers thèmes, l’action et l’intégrité, comportaient une rhétorique de réconfort et de réassurance offrant une logique affective pour agir collectivement. Certains syndiqués, de même que d’autres intervenants, auraient pu penser que les enseignants devraient d’abord se consacrer à leur tâche dans leur salle de classe, plutôt que de se retrouver sur un piquet de grève, retirant ainsi la prestation d’un service dont ils détiennent le monopole. Iker a alors utilisé les thèmes de l’importance d’agir et de l’intégrité pour rappeler à chacun et à chacune que défendre les étudiants, les jeunes enseignants, tout comme la profession enseignante et le système d’éducation, était incontournable. Il les a également rassurés en faisant valoir que, collectivement, ils ne seront pas ignorés et qu’ils n’échoueront pas.
En bref, nous avons identifié cinq thèmes que le président a soulevés dans le but d’entraîner ses membres à agir collectivement. Ces thèmes mettent en évidence une rhétorique unique visant à persuader les enseignants à devenir des agents de protestation. Toutefois, notre méthodologie d’étude de cas ne nous permet pas de généraliser ces résultats, car davantage de recherches seront nécessaires afin de les corroborer.
Mots-clés:
- rhétorique,
- conflit de travail,
- enseignants,
- action collective,
- gouvernement
Resumen
Se analizan cuatro llamados a la acción efectuados por el presidente la Federación de profesores de Colombia Británica (British Columbia Teachers’ Federation - BCTF), Jim Iker. Estos llamados buscaban movilizar los miembros durante la negociación colectiva 2013-2014 que enfrentó la BCTF contra el gobierno de la provincia de Colombia Británica y su empleador directo, la Asociación de Empleadores del Sector Público de Colombia Británica. Aplicamos una « teoría de retórica » desarrollada por Chaim Perelman para establecer y analizar los temas que el presidente de la BCTF utilizó con miras a persuadir sus miembros de adherir a sus argumentos sobre el mérito de la acción colectiva.
Se argumenta que el presidente construyó su retórica abordando cinco temas — urgencia, justicia, futilidad, capacidad de actuar e integridad. Los primeros tres promovían una lógica utilitarista para la acción colectiva. Iker los utilizó para persuadir los profesores y otras partes interesadas que la acción colectiva era necesaria para resolver el problema mostrando, por ejemplo, la futilidad del proceso de negociación para producir un acuerdo justo negociado debido a la reticencia del gobierno para negociar de buena fe. Los dos últimos temas — capacidad de actuar e integridad — comprenden una retórica de confortación y seguridad ofreciendo así una lógica afectiva para actuar colectivamente. Al menos algunos miembros del sindicato, así como otras partes interesadas, pudieron haber sentido la expectativa que los profesores se ocupen de sus cargos en el aula en lugar de hacer los piquetes sindicales, impidiendo los servicios que ellos monopolizan. Iker utilizó los temas de capacidad de actuar e integridad para recordarles a todos que la defensa de los estudiantes, de los profesores jóvenes, de la profesión docente y del sistema de educación era encomiable, y los reaseguró que colectivamente no serían ignorados ni tampoco fallarían.
En resumen, hemos identificado cinco temas que el presidente abordó para movilizar a sus miembros hacia la acción colectiva. Se destaca una retórica única que buscaba persuadir a los profesores para que se conviertan en agentes de protesta. Nuestra metodología de estudio de caso no nos permite de generalizar nuestros resultados, los cuales requieren de otras investigaciones para corroborarlos.
Palabras clave:
- retorica,
- conflicto laboral,
- profesores,
- acción colectiva,
- gobierno
Appendices
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