Abstracts
Abstract
This paper engages with the varieties of capitalism literature to investigate the employee representation and consultation approaches of liberal market economy multinational companies (MNCs), specifically Australian, British and US MNCs operating in Australia. While the literature would suggest commonality amongst these MNCs, the paper considers whether the evidence points to similarity or variation amongst liberal market headquartered MNCs. The findings contribute to filling a recognized empirical gap on MNC employment relations practice in Australia and to a better understanding of within category varieties of capitalism similarity and variation. Drawing on survey data from MNCs operating in Australia, the results demonstrated that UK-owned MNCs were the least likely to report collective structures of employee representation. Moreover, it was found that Australian MNCs were the most likely to engage in collective forms of employee representation and made less use of direct consultative mechanisms relative to their British and US counterparts. In spite of the concerted individualization of the employment relations domain over previous decades, Australian MNCs appear to have upheld more long-standing national institutional arrangements with respect to engaging with employees on a collective basis. This varies from British and US MNC approaches which denotes that our results display within category deviation in the variety of capitalism liberal market economy typology. Just as Hall and Soskice described their seminal work on liberal market economy (LME) and coordinated market economy (CME) categories as a “work-in-progress” (2001: 2), we too suggest that Australia’s evolution in the LME category, and more specifically its industrial relations system development, and the consequences for employment relations practices of its domestic MNCs, may be a work-in-progress.
Keywords:
- employment relations,
- liberal market economies,
- multinational companies,
- collectivism,
- individualism,
- varieties of capitalism,
- Australia
Résumé
En s’appuyant sur la littérature sur les variétés du capitalisme (VdC), cet article étudie les approches de représentation et de consultation des employés adoptées par des multinationales implantées dans des économies de marché libérales, plus précisément des multinationales australiennes, britanniques et américaines en opération en Australie. Bien que la littérature semble suggérer l’existence d’une similarité parmi ces sociétés, l’article tente de déterminer si les faits confirment une similarité ou une variation au sein des hautes directions des multinationales dans les économies de marché libérales (EML). Ces découvertes viennent combler une lacune empirique reconnue en ce qui à trait à la pratique des relations d’emploi au sein de multinationales implantées en Australie, et elles permettent de mieux comprendre la similarité et la variation à l’intérieur des catégories des variétés du capitalisme. Fondés sur des données recueillies auprès de multinationales exerçant leurs activités en Australie, les résultats démontrent que les sociétés britanniques sont les moins susceptibles de recourir à des structures collectives de représentation des employés. Par ailleurs, nous avons constaté que les multinationales australiennes sont plus enclines à s’engager dans des formes collectives de représentation des employés et ont moins souvent recours à des mécanismes de consultation directe que leurs pendants britanniques ou américains. En dépit de l’individualisation concertée du domaine des relations d’emploi au cours des dernières décennies, les multinationales australiennes semblent avoir conclu un plus grand nombre d’ententes institutionnelles nationales durables, ce qui leur a permis de nouer un dialogue avec leurs employés sur une base collective. Ces approches diffèrent de celles adoptées par les multinationales britanniques et américaines, ce qui explique pourquoi les résultats de notre étude font état d’une déviation catégorielle dans la typologie des économies de marché libérales du modèle VdC. À l’instar de Hall et Soskice, qui ont qualifié de « travail en évolution» (work-in-progress) leur ouvrage précurseur sur les catégories économie de marché libérale-EML et économie de marché coordonnée-EMC (2001:2), les auteurs de cet article suggèrent que l’évolution de l’Australie dans la catégorie EML est peut-être aussi un « travail en évolution », plus spécifiquement en ce qui à trait au développement de son système de relations industrielles et son incidence sur les pratiques de relations d’emploi au sein des multinationales australiennes.
Mots-clés:
- relations d’emploi,
- économie de marché libérale,
- multinationales,
- collectivisme,
- individualisme,
- variétés du capitalisme,
- Australie
Resumen
Este artículo retoma la literatura sobre las variedades del capitalismo para investigar la representación laboral y los enfoques de consultación de las compañías multinacionales (CMN) de la economía liberal de mercado, compañías de origen australiano, británico y americano que operan en Australia. Puesto que la literatura sugiere la existencia de características comunes entre esas CMNs, este artículo considera si el material analizado indica similitudes o variaciones entre las oficinas centrales de las CMNs del mercado liberal. Los resultados contribuyen a cubrir una laguna empírica reconocida sobre la práctica de relaciones laborales en Australia y contribuyen a una mejor comprensión de las similitudes y variaciones dentro de las categorías de variedades del capitalismo. A partir de datos de encuesta provenientes de 211 CMNs operando en Australia, los resultados demostraron que las CMNs de origen británico fueron las menos susceptibles de reportar estructuras colectivas de representación laboral. Más aún, las CMNs australianas fueron las más susceptibles de implicarse en formas colectivas de representación laboral y de hacer menos uso de mecanismos de consultación directa comparativamente a sus contrapartes británicas y americanas. A pesar de la individualización concertada del campo de relaciones de empleo durante las décadas anteriores, las CMNs australianas muestran haber sostenido más acuerdos institucionales de larga duración a nivel nacional con respecto a la implicación con los empleados sobre bases colectivas. Esto varía de las posiciones de las CMNs británicas y americanas, por las cuales nuestros resultados las ubican dentro de una categoría de desviación en la tipología de variaciones de economía capitalista liberal de mercado. Tal como Hall y Soskice describen en su trabajo magistral sobre la economía liberal de mercado y las categorías de CME como “trabajo-en-progreso” (2001:2), nosotros también sugerimos que la evolución de Australia en la categoría de la economía liberal de mercado, y más específicamente el desarrollo de su sistema de relaciones industriales, y las consecuencias para las prácticas de relaciones de empleo de sus CMNs domésticas, pueden constituir un trabajo-en-progreso.
Palabras claves:
- relaciones de empleo,
- economías liberales de mercado,
- compañías multinacionales,
- colectivismo,
- individualización,
- variedades de capitalismo
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Appendices
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Australian Research Council (Project No. DP120103071) for their financial support. The authors also acknowledge the contributions of the various research assistants that were employed on the project. In particular, we wish to thank Gitika Sablok and Helen Russell.
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