Abstracts
Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the sustainability agenda and its implications for employment and managerial practices within different institutional contexts. The article uses the comparative capitalisms literature and, in particular, the Varieties of Capitalism framework to examine how multinational corporations (MNCs) can exploit different institutional contexts to achieve competitive advantages. We explore one multinational steel company’s i.e. SteelCo.AG varied responses to the emerging constraints of the sustainability agenda in Germany, as an example of a Coordinated Market Economy, and Brazil, as an example of a Hierarchical Market Economy. In particular, we focus on evidence concerning training, environmental practices and policies in the different company sites.
We demonstrate how different institutional contexts favour different corporate strategies from an approach that exploits negative institutional complementarities, such as the “low-skill/low-cost trap,” to one that benefits from strong institutional coherence facilitating skills formation and innovation in response to environ-mental legislation. Our analysis argues for the importance of incorporating the green agenda as a marker of difference into the existing VoC framework. This allows for nuanced readings of unstable institutional complementarities in terms of operational, managerial and social innovation in different institutional contexts – with such analyses essential for understanding workers’ experiences of employment and work. Our contribution to the extant literature on the employment relationship, within the context of VoC analysis, therefore offers empirical material on understandings of employment relations within the HME category, as a new type within the VoC framework, through our discussion of a multinational’s activities in Brazil. This also allows us to focus on the way companies and other actors’ impact upon institutional frameworks and the distribution of power between different actors within particular contexts, thereby addressing recent discussions of the stability and homogeneity of institutional arrangements.
Keywords:
- employment relations,
- environment,
- skill,
- steel industry,
- multinationals
Résumé
Cet article se penche sur le programme de développement durable et son incidence sur les pratiques d’emploi et de gestion dans différents contextes institutionnels. S’appuyant sur la littérature sur le capitalisme comparé, plus particulièrement sur le cadre d’analyse des variétés du capitalisme (VdC), il souhaite découvrir comment des multinationales peuvent exploiter différents contextes institutionnels pour en tirer des avantages concurrentiels. Les auteurs examinent les diverses réponses d’une grande aciérie multinationale, la SteelCo.AG, aux nouvelles contraintes imposées par le programme de développement durable en Allemagne — à titre d’exemple d’une économie de marché coordonnée (EMC) —, ainsi qu’au Brésil — exemple cette fois d’une économie de marché hiérarchique (EMH). Leur analyse s’appuie sur des données probantes relatives aux programmes de formation, aux pratiques environnementales et aux politiques en place dans les diverses sites de la compagnie.
L’article démontre que différents contextes institutionnels favorisent différentes stratégies opérationnelles, allant d’une approche axée sur les complémentarités institutionnelles négatives, comme le piège « faibles qualifications/faibles coûts », à une stratégie axée sur une solide cohérence institutionnelle facilitant la formation et l’innovation en réponse aux exigences des lois environnementales. Dans cet écrit, les auteurs démontrent l’importance d’intégrer le programme écologique, à titre de marqueur de différence, dans le cadre d’analyse des VdC. Cela leur permet de faire une lecture plus nuancée des complémentarités institutionnelles instables en matière d’innovation opérationnelle, managériale et sociale dans différents contextes institutionnels — analyses indispensable pour comprendre les expériences des travailleurs sur les plans de l’emploi et du travail. Cette étude sur les activités d’une multinationale brésilienne vient contribuer à l’enrichissement de la littérature sur les relations d’emploi, cela par le biais du cadre d’analyse des VdC, et elle fournit également du matériel empirique sur la compréhension des relations d’emploi au sein de la catégorie EMH, à titre de nouvelle contribution dans le cadre analyse des VdC. Elle permet aussi aux auteurs de focaliser sur la manière dont les entreprises et d’autres joueurs influencent le contexte institutionnel et la répartition du pouvoir entre différents intervenants dans des contextes particuliers, faisant ainsi écho aux récents débats sur la stabilité et l’homogénéité des arrangements institutionnels.
Mots-clés:
- relations d’emploi,
- environnement,
- formation,
- secteur de l’acier,
- multinationale
Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo es de investigar la agenda de la durabilidad y sus implicaciones para el empleo y las prácticas de gestión dentro de contextos institucionales diferentes. Este artículo utiliza la literatura comparativa sobre los capitalismos y, en particular, el esquema de las variedades de capitalismo para examinar de qué manera las corporaciones multinacionales (CMNs) pueden explotar los diferentes con-textos institucionales para obtener ventajas competitivas. Se estudia las reacciones de una compañía multinacional del acero (SteelCo.AG) frente a las restricciones de la agenda de durabilidad en Alemania, como un ejemplo del mercado económico coordinado, y en Brasil, como un ejemplo del mercado económico jerárquico. Se focaliza en particular sobre los aspectos relativos a la formación, las prácticas y políticas sobre el medio ambiento en los diferentes emplazamientos de la compañía.
Se demuestra cómo diferentes contextos institucionales favorecen diferentes estrategias corporativas desde un enfoque que explota las complementariedades institucionales negativas, tales como «menos competencia/trampa del bajo costo», comparativamente al otro enfoque en que los beneficios de una coherencia institucional fuerte facilitan la formación de competencias y la innovación en respuesta a la legislación sobre el medio ambiento. Nuestro análisis sostiene la importancia de añadir la agenda ecológica como una marca de diferencia en el esquema de variedades de capitalismo. Esto permite una lectura más sutil de las complementariedades institucionales inestables en términos de innovación social, operacional y de gestión en los diferentes contextos institucionales. Este análisis es esencial para comprender las experiencias de los trabajadores en cuanto al empleo y el trabajo. Nuestra contribución a la literatura existente sobre las relaciones de empleo, dentro del contexto del análisis de variedades del capitalismo, ofrece por lo tanto material empírico para comprender las relaciones de empleo dentro de la categoría HME, como un nuevo tipo dentro del esquema de variedades del capitalismo, a través nuestra discusión de las actividades de una multinacional en Brasil. Esto nos permite también de focalizar sobre la manera cómo las compañías y otros actores influencian los cuadros institucionales y la distribución de poder entre los diferentes actores dentro de contextos particulares, orientando de esta manera las recientes discusiones sobre la estabilidad y la homogeneidad de los acuerdos institucionales.
Palabras claves:
- relaciones de empleo,
- medio ambiento,
- competencia,
- industria del acero,
- multinacionales
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