Abstracts
Summary
This paper describes a case study of a particular form of knowledge worker; lawyers, and their efforts to achieve collective bargaining. Within self-regulated professions like law, the professional regulatory body controls much of the labour process and defines the body of professional knowledge. Apprenticeships, such as clinical locums in medicine and articles in law, play an important role in the transfer of labour process norms. However, more and more professionals seek employment in large organizations where the autonomy historically enjoyed by the self-employed worker and crafted in the confines of mentorships is increasingly subject to bureaucratic and administrative controls. In large employment settings rules and policies may interfere with workers’ exercise of professional discretion and full utilization of their knowledge. The result of the erosion of traditional labour process power under bureaucratic forms of organization leads professionals to seek alternate forms of control. Many turn to collective bargaining as a mean to wrest back control over the application of discretionary judgment from large, often public sector, employers.
In the case of the legal profession in Canada, a great many lawyers are employed in the public sector. The subspecialty of criminal prosecution was broadly framed as a service private sector lawyers once provided on a fee-for-service basis, but until relatively recently it was not a distinct area of practice to which one dedicated a career. The regularization of prosecution in the public sector results in a strong sense of occupational community among public prosecutors. The forces of bureaucratic control and occupational community act together to support collective bargaining among professionals who otherwise have been opposed to this strategy, claiming it is “unprofessional”.
Keywords:
- Knowledge worker,
- professionals,
- lawyers,
- workplace control,
- public sector
Résumé
Cet article présente une étude de cas d’un type spécifique de travailleurs du savoir, les procureurs de la Couronne, ainsi que leurs efforts pour parvenir à négocier collectivement. Dans les professions autorégulées comme le droit, l’ordre professionnel exerce généralement un contrôle sur la plupart des processus de travail et détermine l’ensemble des connaissances professionnelles. Les modes d’apprentissage, tels l’internat clinique en médecine ou la rédaction d’articles en droit, jouent un rôle important dans le transfert des normes de travail. Toutefois, de plus en plus de professionnels obtiennent leur emploi dans de très grandes organisations où l’autonomie, naguère si chère au travailleur autonome et développée dans le cadre du mentorat, s’avère davantage sujet au contrôle bureaucratique et administratif. En effet, dans ces grandes organisations, les règles et les politiques établies par les administrateurs peuvent venir interférer avec l’exercice de la discrétion professionnelle de ces travailleurs et la pleine utilisation de leur savoir professionnel. Le résultat de l’érosion du pouvoir dans le processus traditionnel de travail, sous la pression des formes bureaucratiques de l’organisation, conduisent ces professionnels à chercher des formes alternatives de contrôle. Plusieurs voient dans la négociation collective un moyen de reprendre à l’employeur le contrôle dans l’exercice du jugement discrétionnaire.
Dans le cas de la profession juridique au Canada, un grand nombre d’avocats sont employés dans le secteur public. Le domaine des poursuites criminelles, comme sous-spécialité du droit, a d’abord été le fait d’avocats qui fournissaient leurs services en contrepartie d’honoraires. Ainsi, dans le passé, cela ne constituait pas un domaine de pratique distinct permettant d’y effectuer une carrière professionnelle. Par la suite, la régularisation des poursuites criminelles dans le secteur public a eu pour résultat l’apparition d’un fort sentiment d’appartenance à une communauté professionnelle chez les procureurs de la Couronne. Les forces liées au contrôle bureaucratique et la communauté professionnelle agissent de concert pour inciter ces professionnels à adhérer à la négociation collective, des travailleurs qui, autrement, étaient opposés à cette stratégie, la jugeant « non-professionnelle ».
Mots clés:
- travailleurs du savoir,
- secteur public,
- professionnels,
- avocats,
- procureurs de la Couronne,
- contrôle du travail
Resumen
Este artículo describe un estudio de caso de una forma particular de trabajador del saber; los abogados y sus esfuerzos por lograr negociar colectivamente. Dentro de las profesiones auto-reguladas como derecho, el cuerpo regulador profesional controla gran parte del proceso de trabajo y define el conjunto de conocimientos profesionales. El aprendizaje, como el internado clínico en medicina y la redacción de artículos en derecho, juegan un rol importante en la transferencia de normas del proceso de trabajo. Sin embargo, son cada vez más los profesionales que obtienen un empleo en las grandes organizaciones, donde la autonomía ejercida históricamente por los trabajadores autónomos, y modelada en los confines del mentorado, es cada vez más sujeta a los controles burocráticos y administrativos. En las grandes organizaciones, las reglas y políticas pueden interferir con el ejercicio de la discreción profesional de dichos trabajadores y con la plena utilización de su saber profesional. El resultado de la erosión del poder en el proceso tradicional de trabajo bajo formas burocráticas de organización lleva los profesionales a buscar formas alternativas de control. Muchos se inclinan por la negociación colectiva como un medio de recuperar el control en la aplicación del discernimiento discrecional propio a las grandes organizaciones incluyendo las del sector público.
En el caso de la profesión jurídica en Canadá, una importante cantidad de abogados son empleados del sector público. La subespecialidad de la persecución criminal fue durante largo tiempo asignado a abogados del sector privado cuyos servicios eran remunerados bajo la forma de honorarios. Pero, esto no constituía un campo distinto de práctica profesional a la cual dedicar una carrera. Desde hace poco, la regularización de la persecución criminal en el sector público ha llevado a la emergencia de un fuerte sentimiento de pertenencia a una comunidad profesional en el seno de los fiscales públicos. Las fuerzas del control burocrático y de la comunidad profesional actúan conjuntamente para obtener la adhesión a la negociación colectiva de parte de estos profesionales, quienes, de otra manera, estarían opuestos a esta estrategia, calificándola de no profesional.
Palabras claves:
- trabajador del saber,
- sector público,
- profesionales,
- abogados,
- fiscales,
- control del trabajo
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Appendices
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