Abstracts
Abstract
The aim of this study is to conceptualize the “perceived fairness in the context of collective bargaining” and empirically validate its internal structure. This concept refers to employees’ justice perceptions formed during the collective bargaining process (the process of determining the employees’ working conditions when they are unionized). Drawing on the organizational justice literature, we derive a conceptualization and formulate hypotheses regarding the convergent, discriminant and predictive validity of the concept’s dimensionality. The study was conducted among faculty at a Canadian university, where the collective bargaining process took nearly two years to complete. Using confirmatory factor analyses and hierarchical regressions, we find support for discriminant, convergent, and predictive validity. The results show that the new conceptualization includes eight distinct dimensions, combining the two sources of (in)justice (employer and union) and the four types of justice perceptions: procedural, distributive, relational (interpersonal) and informational justice. Indeed, employees clearly distinguish eight justice dimensions, which have a differential effect on their attitudes: trust in the employer and satisfaction with the union.
Moreover, collective bargaining is an allocation process which encourages employees to participate actively. Because such participation might entails costs (energy, time, loss of money), employees are likely to form their justice perceptions based on not only elements from the structural model (Leventhal, 1980) and the process control model (Thibaut and Walker, 1975), but also two new justice elements: the usefulness of actions (the probability that actions force the employer to improve their offer to the expected level) and the profitability of actions (cost-benefits ratio).
Opening the black box of collective bargaining through the concept of fairness is the first step in order to understanding the attitudinal and behavioural consequences of collective bargaining after employees have returned to work.
Keywords:
- organizational justice,
- labour union,
- collective bargaining,
- validation,
- dimensionality,
- concept
Résumé
L’objectif de cette étude consiste à conceptualiser la « justice perçue dans le contexte de la négociation collective ». Ce concept concerne les perceptions de la justice que forment les salariés durant la négociation collective (le processus de détermination des conditions de travail dans les milieux syndiqués). S’appuyant sur la littérature portant sur la justice organisationnelle, nous avons procédé à un travail de conceptualisation et formulé des hypothèses visant à tester sa validité. Cette étude a été menée auprès de professeurs d’une université canadienne, dont la négociation collective a duré près de deux ans. À l’aide d’analyses factorielles confirmatoires et de régressions hiérarchiques, nous avons obtenu des résultats qui soutiennent la validité convergente, discriminante et prédictive de notre conceptualisation. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats montrent que ce concept renferme huit dimensions distinctes, combinant les deux sources d’(in)justice (employeur et syndicat) et les quatre types de perceptions de justice: procédurale, distributive, relationnelle (interpersonnelle) et informationnelle. En effet, les employés distinguent clairement les huit dimensions de justice, lesquelles affectent différemment leurs attitudes : la confiance envers leur employeur et la satisfaction à l’égard de leur syndicat.
De plus, la négociation collective est un processus auquel les employés sont appelés à participer activement, ce qui peut entrainer des coûts (énergie, temps, perte d’argent). Les salariés sont donc susceptibles de construire leurs perceptions de justice en s’appuyant non seulement sur les éléments provenant du modèle structurel (Leventhal, 1980) ou du modèle du contrôle (Thibaut et Walker, 1975), mais également en utilisant deux nouvelles règles de justice: l’utilité des actions (la probabilité que les actions incitent l’employeur à améliorer son offre au niveau espéré) et la profitabilité des actions (ratio coûts/bénéfices).
Ouvrir la boîte noire de la négociation collective à travers le concept de justice est le premier pas à franchir afin de comprendre les conséquences de la négociation collective sur les attitudes et les comportements des employés lorsqu’ils sont de retour au travail.
Mots-clés :
- justice organisationnelle,
- syndicat,
- négociation collective,
- validation,
- dimensionnalité,
- concept
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio consiste en conceptualizar la “justicia percibida en el contexto de la negociación colectiva”. Este concepto concierne las percepciones de la justicia que se hacen los asalariados durante la negociación colectiva (el proceso de determinación de las condiciones de trabajo en los medios sindicalizados). Apoyándose en la literatura que trata de la justicia organizacional, hemos procedido a un trabajo de conceptualización y hemos formulado hipótesis orientadas a evaluar su validez. Este estudio se llevó a cabo con profesores de una universidad canadiense cuya negociación colectiva duró más dos de años. Con la ayuda de análisis factoriales confirmatorios y de regresiones logísticas, hemos obtenido resultados que sostienen la validez convergente, discriminante y predictiva de nuestra conceptualización. En general, los resultados muestran que este concepto comporta ocho dimensiones distintas, combinando las dos fuentes de (in)justicia (empleador y sindicato) y los cuatro tipos de percepciones de justicia: procesal, distributiva, relacional (interpersonal) e informacional. En efecto, los empleados distinguen claramente las ocho dimensiones de justicia, las cuales afectan de manera diferente sus actitudes respecto a la confianza en sus empleadores y la satisfacción respecto a su sindicato.
Además, la negociación colectiva es un proceso en el cual los empleados son llamados a participar activamente, lo que puede acarrear costos (energía, tiempo, pérdida de dinero). Los asalariados son así susceptibles de construir sus percepciones de justicia apoyándose no sólo en los elementos que provienen del modelo estructural (Leventhal, 1980) o del modelo del control (Teobaldo y Walker, 1975), pero también utilizando dos nuevas reglas de justicia: la utilidad de las acciones (la probabilidad que las acciones inciten al empleador a mejorar su oferta al nivel esperado) y el margen de provecho de las acciones (proporción costos / beneficios).
Abrir la caja negra de la negociación colectiva mediante el concepto de justicia es el primer paso a franquear para comprender las consecuencias de la negociación colectiva sobre las actitudes y los comportamientos de los empleados cuando están de regreso al trabajo.
Palabras clave:
- justicia organizacional,
- sindicato,
- negociación colectiva,
- validación,
- dimensionalidad,
- concepto
Appendices
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