Abstracts
Résumé
En tant que cadre conceptuel et analytique, l’intersectionnalité a influencé, et peut transformer, la façon dont les chercheur·ses abordent la psychologie et son histoire. L’intersectionnalité fournit un cadre pour examiner la manière dont de multiples catégories sociales se combinent dans des systèmes caractérisés à la fois par l’oppression et le privilège et affectent les expériences de celles et ceux qui occupent les intersections de ces catégories sociales. En outre, l’intersectionnalité a également été appliquée à l’écriture d’histoires de la psychologie qui prennent en considération le fonctionnement de plusieurs formes d’oppression et de privilège qui s’imbriquent. Par exemple, les historien·nes de la psychologie l’ont adoptée comme moyen d’aborder les intersections du racisme, du sexisme et de l’hétérocentrisme scientifiques dans l’histoire des concepts et des théories de la psychologie. L’intersectionnalité a aussi le potentiel de générer une compréhension historique plus sophistiquée du militantisme social des psychologues. Enfin, étant donné que les histoires existantes de la psychologie en contexte états-unien ont rendu largement invisible la contribution des femmes racisées, l’analyse intersectionnelle peut servir à rétablir et à mettre en avant leurs expériences et leur contribution.
Mots-clés :
- intersectionnalité,
- psychologie,
- historiographie,
- rapports de pouvoir,
- théorie critique
Abstract
As a conceptual and analytic framework, intersectionality has informed, and can transform, how scholars approach psychology and its history. Intersectionality provides a framework for examining how multiple social categories combine in systems characterized by both oppression and privilege to affect the experiences of those occupying the intersections of these social categories. The concept has its origins in the writings of Black feminists and critical race theorists in the 1970s and 1980s. Since that time, many critical debates about the definition, uses, and even misuses of intersectionality have been put forward by scholars in many fields. In psychology, the uptake of intersectionality as a methodological and epistemological framework has been undertaken largely by feminist psychologists. In this context, intersectionality has been used as both a logic for designing research, and as a perspective from which to critique the perpetuation of intersectional oppression latent in mainstream psychological research. In addition, intersectionality has also been applied to writing histories of psychology that attend to the operation of multiple intersecting forms of oppression and privilege. For example, historians of psychology have taken up intersectionality as a way to approach the intersections of scientific racism, sexism, and heterocentrism in the history of psychology’s concepts and theories. Intersectionality also has the potential for generating a more sophisticated historical understanding of social activism by psychologists. Finally, given that extant histories of psychology focusing on the American context have rendered the contributions of women of color largely invisible, intersectional analysis can serve to re-instantiate and foreground their experiences and contributions.
Resumen
Como marco conceptual y analítico, la interseccionalidad ha influido y puede transformar la forma en que los/as investigadores/as abordan la psicología y su historia. La interseccionalidad proporciona un marco para examinar cómo múltiples categorías sociales se combinan en sistemas caracterizados tanto por la opresión como por el privilegio y afectan las experiencias de quienes ocupan las intersecciones de estas categorías sociales. Además, la interseccionalidad también se ha aplicado a la escritura de historias de la psicología que consideran el funcionamiento de múltiples formas entrelazadas de opresión y privilegio. Por ejemplo, los/as historiadores/as de la psicología lo han adoptado como una forma de abordar las intersecciones del racismo, del sexismo y del heterocentrismo científicos en la historia de los conceptos y teorías psicológicas. La interseccionalidad también tiene el potencial de generar una comprensión histórica más sofisticada del activismo social de los/as psicólogos/as. Finalmente, dado que las historias existentes de la psicología en el contexto estadounidense han hecho que las contribuciones de las mujeres racializadas sean en gran medida invisibles, el análisis interseccional puede servir para restablecer y poner en primer plano sus experiencias y contribuciones.
Appendices
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