FR:
Cet article s’intéresse à la place des femmes dans les organisations syndicales et, plus largement, dans les sphères de la représentation sociale, en France.
L’article propose d’abord un état des lieux de la situation actuelle. Ce faisant, il montre que le récent mouvement en faveur de la parité et les mesures législatives qui en ont résulté ont eu des effets tout à fait probants sur l’élargissement de la participation des femmes au mouvement syndical et aux différentes instances de représentation sociale. Les résultats restent, toutefois, modestes. Deux séries de raisons, dont une nous semble particulièrement déterminante, peuvent être invoquées.
La première tient sans aucun doute à la frilosité des directions en place et au poids de la culture machiste. Les femmes continuent, en effet, à se heurter à des phénomènes discriminatoires, dont elles acceptent d’ailleurs souvent elles-mêmes les fondements. Mais, surtout, la position dominée qu’elles occupent sur le marché du travail constitue, dans un contexte de forte institutionnalisation des relations sociales, un facteur déterminant de leur exclusion des processus de prise de responsabilité.
EN:
This article deals with the place of women in unions organisations, and more largely, in social representation aeras in France. Despite the existence of a very favourable trend for equality between men and women, this subject is rarely explored and the datas are singularly rares, even though women makes up almost half of the french working population.
This article aims first to draw up a statement of the situation. It shows that the recent favorable trend for equality between men and women and the outcome measures had some clear effects on the extension of women participation in the unions and in the differents workers representation authorities. However, the results are modests. Two sets of reasons, among which one seems to be decisive could be evokated
The first one is linked to the overcautiousness of the currents leaderships and to the still great reasonance of chauvinist culture. Women still comes up against discrimination phenomena, of which they accept themselves the foundations. But, more, their dominated position in the labour market constitutes, in the context of the very institutionnalised social relations, a decisive factor for their exclusion from the positions of responsability. Gathered in a very few number of occupations, organized with a strong level of individualization, they experiences great difficulties in their unionisation. Sometimes, they are simply excluded from the legal measures in social representation.
From this point of view, the evolution in the place that women takes in the union movement and in their access to the social representation depends of the evolution in their place on the labour market.