Abstracts
Abstract
Sultan Suleiman’s siege of Vienna in 1529 prompted a new round of treatises from humanists proposing ways to confront the Ottoman threat, including from Erasmus of Rotterdam and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, who approached the question from almost opposite positions. This article examines how the antimilitarist Erasmus responded to the imperialistic aspirations of such calls to arms as the exhortation written by Sepúlveda. Whereas Sepúlveda sees war with the Ottomans as an existential battle of civilizations, Erasmus looks inward for the causes of the conflict and the path to victory, both of which he connects to the urgent need for reform from within. The metaphorically violent edge of Erasmus’s appeal to battle an “interior Turk” conjures up cultural as well as religious hierarchies, but his dual understanding of the threat to Christianity as coming from both within and without distinguishes it from much of the chauvinism fomented by war.
Keywords:
- Sepúlveda,
- Erasmus,
- Ottoman Turks,
- Just War Debate
Résumé
Le siège de Vienne par le sultan Soliman en 1529 a suscité une nouvelle série de traités d’humanistes proposant des moyens de faire face à la menace ottomane, incluant Érasme de Rotterdam et Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda qui ont abordé la question en adoptant des positions presque opposées. Cet article examine comment l’antimilitariste Érasme a répondu aux aspirations impérialistes d’appels aux armes tels que l’exhortation écrite par Sepúlveda. Alors que Sepúlveda considère la guerre avec les Ottomans comme une bataille existentielle entre civilisations, Érasme se tourne vers l’intérieur pour identifier les causes du conflit et le chemin vers la victoire, qu’il relie tous deux au besoin pressant d’une réforme venant de l’intérieur. La dimension métaphoriquement violente de l’appel d’Érasme à combattre un « Turc intérieur » fait apparaître des hiérarchies aussi bien culturelles que religieuses, mais sa compréhension de la menace contre le christianisme comme venant à la fois de l’intérieur et de l’extérieur distingue son approche d’une grande partie du chauvinisme fomenté par la guerre.
Appendices
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