Abstracts
Abstract
This article posits that in the texts (both epistolary and otherwise) associated explicitly with his brother Gherardo, Petrarch does not just showcase the familiar, intimate style that characterizes the whole corpus of his familiar letters but also presents some of the most acutely reflexive ruminations on his own stylistic and, by extension, literary practices. In the Gherardine letters, as well as in the first eclogue of the Bucolicum carmen, which is attached to one of these letters, Petrarch rehearses the highlights of the debates surrounding rhetorical style that were being played out in Trecento Europe, while simultaneously demonstrating his attempts to engage with alternatives to the modes of Ciceronian writing, both grand and intimate. In these works, Petrarch’s brother comes to embody this stylistic alternative.
Keywords:
- Petrarch,
- rhetoric,
- style,
- Gherardo,
- Familiares,
- Bucolicum Carmen,
- De otio religioso
Résumé
Cet article part du principe que, dans les textes (épistolaires et autres) qui sont associés explicitement à son frère Gherardo, Pétrarque ne se contente pas de mettre en valeur le style familier et intime qui caractérise l’ensemble du corpus de ses lettres familières, mais présente également certaines des réflexions les plus abouties sur ses propres pratiques stylistiques et, par extension, littéraires. Dans les lettres qu’il a envoyées à Gherardo, comme dans la première églogue du Bucolicum Carmen (Parthenias) qui est attachée à l’une de ces lettres, Pétrarque passe en revue les points saillants des débats sur le style qui s’étaient répandus dans l’Europe du Trecento, tout en rendant compte de ses tentatives de proposer des alternatives aux modes d’écriture cicéroniens – tant élevé que familier. Dans ces oeuvres, le frère de Pétrarque en vient à incarner cette alternative stylistique.
Appendices
Bibliography
- Ascoli, Albert Russell. “Blinding the Cyclops: Petrarch after Dante.” In Petrarch and Dante: Anti-Dantism, Metaphysics, Tradition, edited by Zymunt G. Barański and Theodore J. Cachey, Jr., 114–47. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpj78c0.
- Auerbach, Erich. Literary Language and Its Public in Late Latin Antiquity and in the Middle Ages. Translated by Ralph Manheim. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.
- Augustine. The Confessions of St. Augustine. Translated by Edward B. Pusey. New York: P. F. Collier and Son, 1909.
- Augustine. De doctrina Christiana. Translated by R. P. H. Green. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
- Celenza, Christopher S. The Intellectual World of the Italian Renaissance: Language, Philosophy, and the Search for Meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139051613.
- Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Ad M. Brutum orator. Edited by John Edwin Sandys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1885.
- Conley, Thomas M. Rhetoric in the European Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
- Dyck, Andrew R. “Dressing to Kill: Attire as a Proof and Means of Characterization in Cicero’s Speeches.” Arethusa 34, no. 1 (Winter 2001): 119–30. https://doi.org/10.1353/are.2001.0003.
- Eden, Kathy. The Renaissance Rediscovery of Intimacy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226184647.001.0001.
- Erasmus, Desiderius. Ciceronianus, or, A Dialogue on the Best Style of Speaking. Translated by Izora Scott. New York: Columbia University Press, 1908.
- Fenzi, Enrico. “Verso il ‘Secretum’: ‘Bucolicum carmen’ i, Parthenias.” Petrarchesca 1 (2013): 13–54.
- Freccero, John. “The Fig Tree and the Laurel: Petrarch’s Poetics.” Diacritics 5, no. 1 (Spring 1975): 34–40. http://doi.org/10.2307/464720.
- Greenblatt, Stephen. Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
- Greene, Thomas M. “Petrarch’s ‘Viator’: The Displacements of Heroism.” Yearbook of English Studies 12 (1982): 35–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/3507397.
- Kahn, Victoria. “The Defense of Poetry in the Secretum.” In The Cambridge Companion to Petrarch, edited by Albert Russell Ascoli and Unn Falkeid, 100–110. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. https://doi. org/10.1017/CCO9780511795008.012.
- Lokaj, Rodney John. “Petrarch vs. Gherardo: A Case of Sibling Rivalry inside and outside the Cloister.” PhD diss., University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23092.
- Mann, Nicholas. “The Making of Petrarch’s Bucolicum carmen: A Contribution to the History of the Text.” Italia medioevale e umanistica 20 (1977): 127–82.
- Petrarch, Francesco. Le familiari. Edited by Vittorio Rossi and Umberto Bosco. 4 vols. Florence: G. C. Sansoni, 1933–42.
- Petrarch, Francesco. Letters from Petrarch. Translated by Morris Bishop. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.
- Petrarch, Francesco. On Religious Leisure (De otio religioso). Edited and translated by Susan S. Schearer. New York: Italica Press, 2002. Kindle.
- Petrarch, Francesco. Petrarch’s Bucolicum carmen. Translated by Thomas G. Bergin. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1974.
- Petrarch, Francesco. Petrarch’s Secret. Translated by William H. Draper. Westport, CT: Hyperion Press, 1978.
- Petrarch, Francesco. Rerum familiarium libri. Translated by Aldo S. Bernardo. 3 vols. New York: Italica Press, 1975–2005.
- Robbins, Jill. Prodigal Son/Elder Brother: Interpretation and Alterity in Augustine, Petrarch, Kafka, Levinas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
- Seigel, Jerrold E. “Ideals of Eloquence and Silence in Petrarch.” Journal of the History of Ideas 26, no. 2 (April–June 1965): 147–74. https://doi. org/10.2307/2708225.
- Shuger, Debora K. Sacred Rhetoric: The Christian Grand Style in the English Renaissance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.
- Taylor, John Hammond. “St. Augustine and the ‘Hortensius’ of Cicero.” Studies in Philology 60, no. 3 (July 1963): 487–98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4173424.
- Trimpi, Wesley. Ben Jonson’s Poems: A Study of the Plain Style. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1962.
- Vickers, Brian. “Leisure and Idleness in the Renaissance: The Ambivalence of otium.” Renaissance Studies 4, no. 2 (March 1990): 107–54. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1477-4658.1990.tb00408.x.
- Vickers, Nancy J. “Diana Described: Scattered Woman and Scattered Rhyme.” Critical Inquiry 8, no. 2 (Winter 1981): 265–79. https://doi. org/10.1086/448154.
- Warner, J. Christopher. The Augustinian Epic: Petrarch to Milton. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.97593.
- Wilkins, Ernest Hatch. Life of Petrarch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.
- Witt, Ronald G. In the Footsteps of the Ancients: The Origins of Humanism from Lovato to Bruni. Leiden: Brill, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047400202.
- Witt, Ronald G. “Introduction.” In On Religious Leisure (De otio religioso), edited and translated by Susan S. Schearer. New York: Italica Press, 2002. Kindle.
- Zak, Gur. “The Ethics and Poetics of Consolation in Petrarch’s Bucolicum carmen.” Speculum 91, no. 1 (January 2016): 36–62. https://doi. org/10.1086/684234.
- Zak, Gur. Petrarch’s Humanism and the Care of the Self. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511730337.
- Zuccato, Edoardo. Petrarch in Romantic England. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584433.