Abstracts
Abstract
The question of whether or not to read poetry through an allegorizing lens had significant implications in the Middle Ages. The identification of allegories in a poetical text was highlighted by early supporters of poetry as the primary means of legitimizing the craft; regardless of whether a poet quoted a pagan god or a mythological figure, the true challenge was to find the real meaning beneath the surface. This approach—one embraced by Giovanni Boccaccio—offered a wealth of samples to the earliest readers of Dante’s Divine Comedy. At the end of the fourteenth century, some humanists started to call into question the theological stance on which the allegorical interpretations were based. In order to promote the autonomous status of poetry, literati of the calibre of Leonardo Bruni maintained that allegory was a double-edged sword. Inspired by Plato’s refusal of allegory, Bruni encouraged the reading of literary texts free from the restrictions of a theoretical superstructure. For proponents of these opposing tendencies, Dante represented a true case study, for he was both a theorist and a poet in his own right and could therefore nourish the reflections formulated by both camps.
Keywords:
- Dante Alighieri,
- Divine Comedy,
- Giovanni Boccaccio,
- Leonardo Bruni,
- Allegory,
- Poetics
Résumé
La question de savoir s’il fallait (ou pas) lire la poésie à travers une lentille allégorique était un enjeu d’importance au Moyen Âge. Les premiers partisans de la poésie avaient recours à l’identification des allégories dans un texte poétique comme principal moyen de légitimer cet art ; qu’un poète évoque un dieu païen ou une figure mythologique, le véritable défi consistait à trouver le sens profond auquel renvoyait cette référence. Cette approche, adoptée par Boccace, a offert de très nombreux exemples aux premiers lecteurs de la Divine Comedie de Dante. Toutefois, à la fin du XIVe siècle, certains humanistes ont commencé à remettre en question la perspective théologique sur laquelle reposaient ces interprétations allégoriques. Afin de promouvoir le statut autonome de la poésie, des lettrés de la trempe de Leonardo Bruni ont soutenu que l’allégorie était une arme à double tranchant. S’inspirant du refus de l’allégorie promulgué par Platon, Bruni encourageait une lecture des textes littéraires libérée des restrictions imposées par cette structure théorique. Pour les partisans de ces tendances opposées, Dante était un cas d’école : théoricien et lui-même poète, il pouvait nourrir les réflexions formulées par les deux camps.
Appendices
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