Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article offre une analyse du traitement que la société japonaise a réservé aux enfants de la religion Aum Shinrikyō après que des membres appartenant à ce groupe ont perpétré un attentat terroriste dans le métro de Tokyo en 1995. L’engagement citoyen et les démarches administratives touchant les enfants d’Aum y sont étudiés par le biais d’une analyse de contenu médiatique, d’entretiens et d’une revue de la littérature. Ces données sont interprétées à l’aide du modèle sociologique de la controverse sur les sectes (cult controversy). L’analyse montre que le public, les activistes civils et les fonctionnaires locaux n’ont pas considéré les enfants d’Aum comme des victimes du groupe religieux, mais qu’ils les ont plutôt traités comme s’ils étaient (1) invisibles, ou (2) des parias sujets à l’ostracisme. En revanche, le gouvernement central a reconnu ces enfants comme étant (3) porteurs de droits tels que celui à l’éducation. Les enfants d’Aum se sont retrouvés au centre de conflits sociaux entre l’opinion négative du public à l’égard d’Aum et les principes juridiques, ce qui a engendré des obstacles durables pour leur réintégration sociale.
Mots-clés :
- Aum Shinrikyō,
- enfants dans les nouveaux mouvements religieux,
- shūkyō nisei,
- stigmatisation et religion,
- ostracisme et réintégration sociale
Abstract
This essay offers a study of Japanese society’s responses to the children of the controversial Aum Shinrikyō religion after members of this group perpetrated a terrorist attack against the Tokyo metro in 1995. The civic activism and administrative treatment surrounding the children of Aum are interpreted based on media analysis, interviews, and a literature review. The analysis shows that the public, activists, and local officials did not view Aum’s children as victims of the group, but instead treated them as if they were (1) invisible or (2) pariahs subject to ostracism. By contrast, the central government recognized the children as (3) bearers of rights like the right to an education. The Aum children were placed at the center of a “cult controversy” wherein negative popular opinion towards Aum competed with legal principles of equality. This situation created lasting obstacles to social reintegration.
Keywords:
- Aum Shinrikyō,
- children in New Religious Movements,
- shūkyō nisei,
- stigma and religion,
- ostracism and social reintegration
Appendices
Bibliographie
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