Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article interroge l’impératif d’objectivité et de distanciation qui est promu dans la recherche qualitative. À travers un dialogue sur nos expériences de filature, nous montrons que cet impératif se traduit notamment par la métaphore de l’ombre – présente dans le terme anglais shadowing – qui sous-tend cette démarche. Nous proposons une métaphore alternative de la filature comme tissage de relations, laquelle permet de souligner la nature profondément relationnelle et incarnée de cette démarche reposant sur la création et le développement d’une relation intime entre la personne fileuse (la chercheuse) et la personne filée.
Mots-clés :
- Filature,
- affects,
- intersubjectivité,
- mouvement,
- réflexivité,
- shadowing
Abstract
This article challenges the imperative of objectivity and detachment that is promoted in qualitative research. Drawing on a dialogue about our shadowing experiences, we demonstrate that this imperative is reflected in the shadow metaphor itself. We propose an alternative metaphor to shadowing as weaving relationships, which highlights the deeply relational and embodied nature of this process and the centrality of the relationship between the researcher (the shadower) and the person being shadowed (the shadowee). This alternative approach offers a more nuanced understanding of the research process.
Keywords:
- shadowing,
- affect,
- intersubjectivity,
- movement,
- reflexivity
Appendices
Références
- Allen, J., Rivkin, I. D., & Trimble, J. E. (2022). Relational methodology. Dans K. C. McLean (Éd.), Cultural methods in psychology: Describing and transforming cultures (pp. 174-207). Oxford University Press.
- Amossé, T. (2004). Professions au féminin. Représentation statistique, construction sociale. Travail, genre et sociétés, 1(11), 31-46.
- Ashcraft, K. L. (2017). « Submission » to the rule of excellence: Ordinary affect and precarious resistance in the labor of organization and management studies. Organization, 24(1), 36-58.
- Ashcraft, K. L. (2021). Communication as constitutive transmission? An encounter with affect. Communication Theory,31(4), 571-592.
- Aumais, N. (2019). Parce qu’une ombre demeure visible. Dans J.-L. Moriceau, & R. Soparnot (Éds), Recherche qualitative en sciences sociales. S’exposer, cheminer, réfléchir ou l’art de composer sa méthode (pp. 275-279). Éditions Management et Société.
- Aumais, N., & Germain, O. (2021). Shadowing as a liminal space: A relational view. Dans A. Risberg, S. N. Just, & F. Villesèche (Éds), Routledge companion to organizational diversity research methods (pp. 147-161). Routledge.
- Beatty, A. (2010). How did it feel for you? Emotion, narrative, and the limits of ethnography. American Anthropologist, 112(3), 430-443.
- Blais, L. (2006). Savoir expert, savoirs ordinaires : qui dit vrai? Vérité et pouvoir chez Foucault. Sociologie et sociétés, 38(2), 151-163.
- Blanchet, P. (2009). La réflexivité comme condition et comme objectif d’une recherche scientifique humaine et sociale. Cahiers de sociolinguistique, 1(14), 145-152.
- Boal, A. (1985). Theatre of the oppressed (trad. A. Charles et M.-O. Leal McBride). Theatre Communications Group.
- Brannan, M. J. (2011). Researching emotions and the emotions of researching: The strange case of Alexithymia in reflexive research. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 4(3/4), 322.
- Brown, A. D., Humphreys, M., & Gurney, P. M. (2005). Narrative, identity and change: A case study of Laskarina Holidays. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 18(4), 312-326.
- Bruni, A., Gherardi, S., & Poggio, B. (2004). Gender and entrepreneurship: An ethnographic approach. Routledge.
- Christophe, C., Jojczyk, J., & Lambotte, F. (2021). La triple mimésis de Ricoeur comme herméneutique des événements de communication constitutifs de l’organisation. Communication & Organisation, (59), 59-76. https://doi.org/10.4000/communicationorganisation.9875
- Coffey, A. (1999). The ethnographic self. Sage Publications.
- Cunliffe, A. L. (2003). Reflexive inquiry in organizational research: Questions and possibilities. Human Relations, 56(8), 983-1003.
- Cunliffe, A. L. (2022). Must I grow a pair of balls to theorize about theory in organization and management studies? Organization Theory,3(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/26317877221109277
- Cunliffe, A. L., & Karunanayake, G. (2013). Working within hyphen-spaces in ethnographic research. Organizational Research Methods, 16(3), 364-392.
- Czarniawska, B. (2007). Shadowing and other techniques for doing fieldwork in modern societies. Copenhagen Business School Press.
- Czarniawska, B. (2008). Organizing: How to study it and how to write about it. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management, 3(1), 4-20.
- Czarniawska, B. (2018). Fieldwork techniques for our times: Shadowing. Dans M. Ciesielska, & D. Jemielniak (Éds), Qualitative methodologies in organization studies (pp. 53-74). Palgrave Macmillan Cham.
- Dalbera, J.-P. (2002). Le corpus entre données, analyse et théorie. Corpus, (1).https://doi.org/10.4000/corpus.10
- De Certeau, M. (1984). The practice of everyday life. University of California Press.
- Elias, N. (1983). Engagement et distanciation. Contributions à la sociologie de la connaissance. Éditions Fayard.
- Fine, M. (1994). Working the hyphens: Reinventing self and other in qualitative research. Dans N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Éds), The landscape of qualitative research: The theories and issues (pp. 130-155). Sage Publications.
- Gill, R. (2011). The shadow in organizational ethnography: Moving beyond shadowing to spect-acting. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management, 6(2), 115-133.
- Gill, R., Barbour, J., & Dean, M. (2014). Shadowing in/as work: Ten commandments. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 9(1), 69-89.
- Gilmore, S., & Kenny, K. (2015). Work-worlds colliding: Self-reflexivity, power and emotion in organizational ethnography. Human Relations, 68(1), 55-78.
- Giorgi, A. (1994). A phenomenological perspective on certain qualitative research methods. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 25(2), 191-220.
- Hardy, C., Phillips, N., & Clegg, S. (2001). Reflexivity in organization and management theory: A study of the production of the research ‘subject’. Human Relations,54(5), 531-560.
- Ingold, T. (2014). That’s enough about ethnography! Hau: Journal of ethnographic theory, 4(1), 383-395.
- Linstead, S. (1994). Objectivity, reflexivity, and fiction: Humanity, inhumanity, and the science of the social. Human Relations, 47(11), 1321-1346.
- Lutz, C. A. (1988). Unnatural emotions: Everyday sentiments on a micronesian atoll and their challenge to western theory. University of Chicago Press.
- Marcus, G. E. (1997). The uses of complicity in the changing mise-en-scene of anthropological fieldwork. Representations, (59), 85-108.
- Marcus, G. E. (2001). From rapport under erasure to theaters of complicit reflexivity. Qualitative Inquiry,7(4), 519-528.
- Massumi, B. (1995). The autonomy of affect. Cultural Critique, (31), 83-109.
- Massumi, B. (2015). Politics of affects. Polity Press.
- McDonald, S. (2005). Studying actions in context: A qualitative shadowing method for organizational research. Qualitative Research,5(4), 455-473.
- McDonald, S. (2017). Going with the flow: Shadowing in organisations. Dans C. Cassell, A. Cunliffe, & G. Grandy (Éds), The Sage handbook of qualitative business and management research methods (Vol. 2). Methods and challenges (pp. 205-218). Sage Publications.
- McDonald, S., & Simpson, B. (2014). Shadowing research in organizations: The methodological debates. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal,9(1), 3-20.
- Merleau-Ponty, M. (1992). Phénoménologie de la perception. Éditions Gallimard. (Ouvrage original publié en 1945).
- Meunier, D., & Vásquez, C. (2008). On shadowing the hybrid character of actions: A communicational approach. Communication Methods and Measures,2(3), 167-192.
- Moriceau, J.-L. (2016). Une approche affective de la communication organisationnelle. Revue française des sciences de l’information et de la communication, (9). https://doi.org/10.4000/rfsic.2478
- Özbilgin, M., & Vassilopoulou, J. (2018). Relational methods in organization studies: A critical overview. Dans M. Ciesielska, & D. Jemielniak (Éds), Qualitative Methodologies in Organization Studies (Vol. II). Methods and Possibilities (pp. 151-177). Palgrave Macmillan Cham.
- Pestre, D. (2013). À contre-science : politiques et savoirs des sociétés contemporaines. Éditions du Seuil.
- Piron, F. (2017). Méditation haïtienne : répondre à la violence séparatrice de l’épistémologie positiviste par l’épistémologie du lien. Sociologie et sociétés, 49(1), 33-60.
- Rouleau, L. (2013). L’ethnographie organisationnelle d’hier à demain. Revue internationale de psychosociologie et de gestion des comportements organisationnels (HS Supplément), 27-43.
- Sandberg, J. (2016). How do we justify knowledge produced within interpretive approaches? Organizational Research Methods,8(1), 41-68.
- Skoggard, I., & Waterston, A. (2015). Introduction: Toward an anthropology of affect and evocative ethnography. Anthropology of Consciousness, 26(2), 109-120.
- Tillmann-Healy, L. M. (2016). Friendship as method. Qualitative Inquiry, 9(5), 729-749.
- Van Maanen, J. (1988). Tales of the field: On writing ethnography. University of Chicago Press.
- Vásquez, C. (2013). Devenir l’ombre de soi-même et de l’autre. Revue internationale de psychosociologie et de gestion des comportements organisationnels (HS Supplement), 69-89.
- Vásquez, C. (2020). (In)habitée par le cancer : récits critiques des trajectoires affectives d’un terrain miné d’émotions. Recherches qualitatives, 39(2), 193-214.
- Vásquez, C., Brummans, B. H. J. M., & Groleau, C. (2012). Notes from the field on organizational shadowing as framing. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal,7(2), 144-165.
10.7202/016377ar