Abstracts
Abstract
The Bulgarians are rendered helpless in the rhetoric of the Bulgarian Agitation, a movement in Britain that produced numerous texts in response to the Ottoman massacre of thousands of Bulgarians after their uprising in April 1876. The compassion shown for the Bulgarian victims in the rhetoric of the Agitation is sincere only in moral and humane terms; open and direct political solidarity with the Bulgarians’ strident appeals for independence is missing from it. Even the morally and culturally charged pro-Agitation arguments launched by Gladstone and his followers conformed to British national interests, especially as contrasted to Bulgarian viewpoints.
Appendices
Works Cited
- Barkley, Henry C. Between the Danube and the Black Sea: Or Five Years in Bulgaria. London: John Murray, 1876.
- Botev, Hristo. Poetry. Prose. Ed. and Comp. Ivan Radev. Veliko Turnovo, Bulgaria: Slovo, 2004.
- “[British Politics.]” Den 7 July 1876: 1.
- “[Bulgarite kum Evropa.]” Stara Planina 7 Aug. 1876: 2.
- Gladstone, William. Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East. London: John Murray, 1876.
- Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates. 3rd series. Vols. 230 and 231. London: T. C. Hansard, 1876.
- Holms, John. Commercial and Financial Aspects of the Eastern Question. London: Cassell Petter & Galpin, 1876.
- Karavelov, Liuben. “What Do the Bulgarians Want?” Collected Works in Nine Volumes. Vol. 8. Ed. Zveta Undjieva, Docho Lekov, Petko Totev. Sofia: Bulgarski Pissatel, 1967. 347-49.
- Kinnear. John Boyd. The Mind of England on the Eastern Question. What England Thinks. What England Wishes. What England Can Do. London: Chapman and Hall, 1877.
- MacGahan, Januarius A. The Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria: Letters of the Special Commissioner of the “Daily News.” London: Bradbury, Agnew, and Co., 1876.
- Millman, Richard. Britain and the Eastern Question 1875-1878. Oxford: Clarendon, 1979.
- The Northern Question or Russia’s Policy in Turkey Unmasked. London: Henry S. King & Co., 1876.
- Nova Bulgaria. 22 Aug. 1876: 98.
- Nova Bulgaria. 17 July 1876: 57.
- Nova Bulgaria. 23 Sept. 1876: 133.
- Pantev, Andrei. The Bulgarian April 1876 in England and USA. Sofia: Academic Publishing House “Marin Drinov,” 1996.
- Raykov, Bozhidar. Aprilskoto Vustanie ot 1876 i Bulgarskiat Vuzrojdenski Periodichen Pechat. Ed. K. Vuzvuzova and A. Vulcheva. Sofia: Narodna Biblioteka Kiril i Metodii, 1973.
- Richard, Henry. Evidences of Turkish Misrule. London: Cassell Petter & Galpin, 1877.
- Roessel, David. In Byron’s Shadow: Modern Greece in the English and American Imagination. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002.
- Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon, 1978.
- Shannon, Richard. Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876. Sussex: Harvester P, 1956.
- Spivak, Gayatri. “Can the Subaltern Speak?” Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Ed. Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg. London: Macmillan, 1988. 271-313.
- “[Turkish Atrocities.]” Den 10 July 1876: 1.
- “Warsling.” Justice for Turkey and the Maintenance of Treaties versus Russian Intrigue. London: W. H. Guest, 1876.
- Wyatt, Walter James. The Eastern Question from an English Point of View. London: Longmans, 1876.
- * * * G. The Correct Card on the Eastern Question. London: William Ridgway, 1877.