Abstracts
Résumé
Entre 1870 et 1932, les écoles pour enfants autochtones régies par le gouvernement fédéral et par les principales Églises chrétiennes ressemblaient peu à celles qui desservaient les autres Canadiens dans leurs provinces respectives. Un étonnant partenariat entre l’Église et l’État, allié à une vision négative dominante des cultures autochtones, a eu pour effet de maintenir les différences entre l’éducation dans les réserves et les pratiques professionnelles usuelles. Devenue une forme d’évangélisation, l’éducation a eu recours à des méthodes coercitives et a été très mal supervisée, tout en étant peu perméable au changement. L’éducation faisait ainsi partie intégrante de l’appareil légal et institutionnel conçu dans le but d’asseoir l’autorité gouvernementale sur les communautés autochtones.
Abstract
The schools conducted for Aboriginal children by the federal government and the major Christian churches between 1870 and 1932 bore little resemblance to those provided for other Canadians by the provinces. The peculiar partnership of Church and State and prevailing negative views of Native culture meant that education on reserves remained isolated from conventional professional practice, was distinctively evangelical in character, employed coercive methods, was poorly supervised and proved resistant to change. It was part of the legal and institutional apparatus devised to assert authority over Aboriginal communities.
Resumen
Entre 1870 y 1932, las escuelas conducidas por el gobierno federal y las principales iglesias cristianas para la educación de niños indígenas, se parecían poco a las que atendían al resto de canadienses en sus respectivas provincias. Una sorprendente asociación entre iglesia y estado, aliada a una dominante visión negativa de las culturas indígenas, tuvo por efecto el mantenimiento de una distancia entre la educación en las reservas indígenas y las prácticas profesionales usuales. Convertida en una forma de evangelización, esta educación recurrió a métodos coercitivos y fue mal supervisada, al tiempo que se mantuvo poco permeable al cambio. La educación hacía así parte integrante del aparato legal y constitucional concebido con el fin de asentar la autoridad gubernamental en las comunidades indígenas.
Appendices
Bibliographie
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