Abstracts
Résumé
Plusieurs études documentent le lien entre l’environnement dans lequel un enfant grandit et la réponse qu’il reçoit à ses besoins. Bien que les facteurs parentaux et environnementaux jouent un rôle indéniable sur la qualité de la réponse qu’un parent peut offrir aux besoins de son enfant, un nombre grandissant d’études met l’accent sur l’histoire de trauma de certains parents comme ayant préséance sur ces facteurs et expliquant le cheminement difficile une fois parent.
Objectif : La présente étude vise à vérifier le rôle médiateur du cumul des facteurs de risque propres au parent sur le lien entre les expériences de maltraitance durant l’enfance et la réponse difficile aux besoins des enfants. Elle examine également le rôle modérateur du vécu de maltraitance sur le lien entre le cumul des facteurs de risque liés à l’environnement et la réponse difficile aux besoins des enfants.
Méthode : Un échantillon de 59 mères d’enfants âgés de 2 à 5 ans a répondu à l’outil Place aux parents. L’outil a permis de mesurer la réponse aux besoins, ainsi que les facteurs parentaux (ex : santé mentale, consommation, relation conjugale…) et environnementaux (ex. : déménagements, sécurité du quartier, accès aux ressources) auxquels l’enfant est exposé. Le vécu de maltraitance durant l’enfance a été mesuré en utilisant le Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.
Résultats : Les résultats indiquent que le vécu de maltraitance explique mieux la réponse aux besoins des enfants que le cumul des facteurs de risque parentaux. De plus, un environnement moins favorable est lié à une réponse plus difficile aux besoins des enfants, mais seulement pour les parents n’ayant pas de vécu de maltraitance. Pour les parents ayant un vécu de maltraitance, la réponse aux besoins des enfants demeure difficile, peu importe l’environnement dans lequel ils se trouvent.
Discussion : Les résultats de la présente étude soulèvent l’importance de porter une attention au vécu de maltraitance des parents dans le soutien offert aux familles. Les interventions qui portent une attention particulière au passé de trauma des parents pourraient s’avérer la voie vers une amélioration de la réponse aux besoins des enfants.
Mots-clés :
- vécu de maltraitance,
- trauma,
- réponse aux besoins des enfants
Abstract
Several studies have documented the influence of various parental and environmental factors on child maltreatment. Although these factors play an undeniable role in the quality of the response that a parent can offer his child’s needs, a growing number of studies emphasize that a history of childhood maltreatment can take precedence over these factors and explain the difficulties once a parent.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test the mediating role of the parental risk factors on the relationship between a history of childhood maltreatment and the response to children needs. It also examines the moderating role of maltreatment on the relationship between environmental risk factors and the response to children needs.
Methodology: A sample of 59 mothers of children aged 2 to 5 years completed the Room for Parent. The tool measures response to children needs, as well as parental factors (e.g., mental health, substance use, marital relationship...) and environmental factors (e.g., moves, neighborhood safety, access to resources) to which the child is exposed. The experience of childhood maltreatment was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.
Results: The results indicate that the history of maltreatment offers a better explanation of the response to children needs than the parental risk factors. In addition, more risk factors in the environment are associated with a more difficult response to children needs, but only for parents without a history of maltreatment. For parents with a history of maltreatment, meeting children needs remained difficult, regardless of the environment in which they found themselves.
Discussion: The results of this study highlight the importance of experiences of childhood maltreatment. Interventions must pay particular attention to parents trauma histories to help them to improve their response to children needs.
Keywords:
- childhood maltreatment,
- trauma,
- children’s needs
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Appendices
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