Abstracts
Résumé
La province de Québec compte plus de 600 écoles secondaires offrant un programme Sport-études. Les élèves athlètes de ces programmes doivent répondre à des critères de performance et d’excellence sur les plans sportif et scolaire. Cette double exigence amène à se questionner sur la santé mentale, notamment sur l’anxiété de performance de ces élèves athlètes. À l’aide d’une revue narrative, cet article propose de dresser un portrait des facteurs de risque et de protection recensés qui ont un impact sur l’anxiété de performance ressentie par les élèves athlètes adolescents. Cette recension narrative démontre la complexité et la multidimensionnalité des facteurs associés à ce phénomène. Des facteurs sont relevés tant sur le plan des caractéristiques psychologiques et physiques propres à l’élève athlète que sur l’influence des divers acteurs qu’ils côtoient dans sa vie quotidienne. L’influence de l’entraîneur est le facteur le plus étudié. Les facteurs de risque sont recensés en plus grand nombre que les facteurs de protection et les facteurs liés au climat motivationnel et au soutien social se retrouvent dans plusieurs contextes. Cette recension souligne la nécessité de prendre en compte l’ensemble des contextes de vie dans lesquels évolue l’élève athlète dans la perspective de comprendre les sources de son anxiété de performance. La littérature étant limitée, de futures études sont nécessaires afin de documenter les facteurs de risque et de protection de l’élève athlète, d’identifier de nouveaux facteurs de protection environnementaux et d’approfondir la compréhension des impacts mutuels et respectifs des contextes écologiques sur l’anxiété de performance.
Mots-clés :
- Anxiété de performance,
- élève athlète,
- facteur de risque,
- facteur de protection
Abstract
The province of Quebec has more than 600 high schools offering a Sport-études program. Student-athletes in these programs must meet performance and excellence criteria in sports and education. This double requirement raises questions about mental health, particularly the performance anxiety of these student athletes. Using a narrative review, this article provides a portrait of the risk and protective factors that have an impact on the performance anxiety experienced by adolescent student athletes. The literature demonstrates the complexity and multidimensionality of the factors associated with this phenomenon. Indeed, factors are reported in regard to the psychological and physical characteristics specific to the student athletes as well as to the influence of the various actors they encounter in their daily lives. The most studied factor is the influence of the coach. Risk factors are identified in greater number than protective factors, and those related to motivational climate and social support are found in several contexts surrounding the student athletes. This review underlines the need to consider the ecological contexts surrounding the student athlete in order to understand the sources of his performance anxiety. As the literature is still limited, future studies are needed to document the risk and protective factors of the student athlete, to identify new protective environmental factors and to deepen the understanding of the mutual and respective impacts of each of the ecological contexts on performance anxiety.
Keywords:
- Performance anxiety,
- student athlete,
- risk factor,
- protection facto
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Appendices
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