Abstracts
Résumé
Les abus sexuels ou physiques, la négligence et les mauvais traitements psychologiques survenant au sein de la relation parent-enfant risquent d’entraver le développement des capacités d’empathie et de mentalisation (CM) chez l’enfant, capacités qui permettraient d’inhiber les comportements extériorisés. Cette étude exploratoire vise à documenter le niveau d’empathie et de mentalisation chez 16 enfants âgés entre 7 et 11 ans, hébergés en centre jeunesse, ainsi que les liens existants entre ces capacités et les comportements extériorisés. Des questionnaires évaluant l’empathie, les biais de mentalisation et les comportements extériorisés des jeunes ont été administrés aux éducateurs de suivi (n = 13) et aux enfants (n = 16), ces derniers ayant également participé à une entrevue permettant de qualifier leur CM. Les enfants présentent tous des comportements extériorisés et une capacité relativement faible d’empathie. Ils manifestent également un refus de mentaliser ou une absence de mentalisation, ainsi que peu de biais de mentalisation. Des liens significatifs entre l’empathie, la CM et les biais de mentalisation ont été trouvés. Aucun lien entre ces variables et les comportements extériorisés n’a cependant été démontré. Les filles présentent des scores plus élevés que les garçons quant à la CM et à l’empathie. Aucune différence n’a été observée entre les enfants issus des différents services d’hébergement (unité de vie en internat ou foyer de groupe externe). Les résultats permettent de décrire les capacités d’empathie et de mentalisation des enfants hébergés en centre jeunesse, en plus de soutenir l’importance d’interventions basées sur ces facultés afin de tenir compte des déficits observés chez ces enfants.
Mots-clés :
- empathie,
- capacité de mentalisation,
- biais de mentalisation,
- comportements extériorisés,
- enfants
Abstract
Sexual or physical abuse, neglect and psychological abuse within the parent-child relationship may hinder the development of child’s empathy and capacity to mentalize, abilities that contribute to inhibit externalized behaviors. This exploratory study aims to document the level of empathy and mentalizing capacity (MC) of 16 children aged between 7 and 11 years-old living in foster care in different residential services (residential unit or external group home), as well as the links between these abilities and externalized behaviors. Questionnaires assessing empathy, metalizing bias and externalized behaviors of these children were administered to their main child workers (n = 13) and the children (n = 16), who also participated in an interview to qualify their MC. All the children exhibit externalized behaviors, little mentalizing bias, refuse to mentalize or have no ability to do so, as well as a relatively low capacity for empathy. Significant links between empathy, MC and mentalizing bias were found. However, no link between these variables and externalized behaviors has been demonstrated. Girls have higher scores than boys on MC and empathy. No difference was observed between the children from the different residential services (residential unit or external group home). The results allow to describe the empathy and mentalizing abilities of children living in youth centers. They support the importance of considering interventions based on these faculties when working with these children.
Keywords:
- empathy,
- mentalizing capacity,
- mentalization bias,
- externalized behavior,
- children
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Appendices
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