Abstracts
Résumé
Ces dernières années, de nombreux chercheurs se sont intéressés aux meilleures pratiques d’intervention pour améliorer la participation sociale des enfants autistes. Les interventions auprès des adultes présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) visant l’amélioration des relations interpersonnelles et de la communication restent toutefois peu documentées. Cette recherche a pour objectif : 1) d’identifier les interventions visant à améliorer la communication et les relations interpersonnelles des personnes de 16 à 40 ans présentant un TSA; 2) de documenter les caractéristiques et l’efficacité de ces interventions. Une recension systématique des écrits a été réalisée. Les interventions proposées dans les écrits recensés se divisent en trois catégories : les interventions de groupe, les interventions informatisées et les interventions selon une approche écosystémique. La majorité des programmes vise l’intégration sociale par diverses stratégies telles que l’amélioration des capacités de résolution de problèmes, la reconnaissance des émotions, la compréhension d’inférences, etc. Quoique prometteurs, ces programmes rencontrent des problèmes de transfert, de maintien et de généralisation des apprentissages. De plus, on ne peut conclure, avec un niveau de preuve suffisant, quant à l’efficacité des interventions recensées. La discussion porte sur l’applicabilité et l’efficacité des programmes, ainsi que sur le rôle des intervenants auprès des adultes présentant un TSA. Des recherches futures devront porter sur la conception, la mise en oeuvre et l’évaluation de tels programmes.
Mots-clés :
- trouble du spectre de l’autisme,
- adultes,
- programmes,
- interventions
Abstract
Over the last few years, many investigators have been examining the best intervention practices for achieving better social participation by autistic children. However, there is a paucity of articles documenting interventions to improve interpersonal relationships and the communication of adults presenting with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objectives of this study are: 1) to identify interventions aimed at improving the communication and interpersonal relationships of persons aged 16 to 40 years presenting with an ASD; and 2) to document the characteristics and efficacy of these interventions. A systematic review was conducted of the scientific literature. The interventions in the literature fall into three categories: group interventions, computerized interventions and interventions using an ecosystemic approach. Most programs seek to achieve social integration through a variety of strategies, such as improving problem-solving abilities, recognizing emotions, understanding inferences, etc. Despite their promise, these programs face some problems with respect to the transfer, maintenance and generalization of what has been learned. This article discusses the applicability and efficacy of these programs, as well as the role played by caregivers with adults presenting with ASD. There is not sufficient evidence to reach a conclusion on the efficacy of the interventions reviewed. Future research should examine how such programs are designed and assessed.
Keywords:
- autisme spectrum disorders,
- adults,
- programs,
- interventions
Appendices
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L’astérisque précédant une référence indique que l’étude fait partie des 13 retenues dans cette revue systématique.