Abstracts
Résumé
Ce texte se penche sur l’émergence et l’évolution du nationalisme hongkongais dans le contexte de la politique des partis et de la politique contestataire au cours des dernières années. Identifiant d’une part des effets de polarisation et de fragmentation du système des partis, et d’autre part un élargissement des revendications identitaires, ce texte trace le processus par lequel le nationalisme hongkongais a évolué à partir de mouvements ethnicistes vers une idéologie plus multidimensionnelle et à prépondérance civique. Il maintient que, dans un premier temps, l’institutionnalisation de ces mouvements en partis politiques, en réponse à l’échec du processus de démocratisation en 2014, a nécessité l’adoption de plateformes à la fois plus nuancées et pragmatiques leur permettant de compétitionner avec les partis pan-démocrates, entraînant une maturation des revendications identitaires hongkongaises dans leur ensemble. Dans un second temps, la répression des partis nationalistes par le gouvernement a forcé leur retour à la politique de rue, permettant la consolidation d’une alliance multiniveau entre les forces démocratiques et plus radicales contre l’emprise grandissante de Pékin et l’autoritarisme montant du gouvernement hongkongais.
Mots-clés :
- Hong Kong,
- identité,
- mouvements sociaux,
- nationalisme,
- politique des partis
Abstract
This paper looks into the emergence and the evolution of Hong Kong nationalism in the context of party and contentious politics over the past years. Identifying on the one hand effects of polarization and fragmentation in the party system, and on the other hand a broadening of identity claims, this paper traces the process through which Hong Kong nationalism evolved from ethnicist movements into a more multidimensional and predominantly civic ideology. It argues firstly that the institutionalization of these movements into political parties in response to the failure of the democratization process in 2014 required the adoption of more nuanced and pragmatic platforms allowing them to compete with pan-democratic parties, bringing about a maturation of Hong Kong identity claims as a whole. Secondly, the government’s crackdown on nationalist parties has forced their return to street politics, allowing the consolidation of a multi-level alliance between pan-democratic and more radical forces against Beijing’s increasing grip and the Hong Kong government’s mounting authoritarianism.
Keywords:
- Hong Kong,
- identity,
- nationalism,
- party politics,
- social movements
Appendices
Bibliographie
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