Abstracts
Résumé
Les sols organiques sont une ressource importante pour les cultures maraîchères. Par contre, ces cultures sont très exigeantes en termes de contrôle phytosanitaire, de fertilisation et de travail du sol. Combinées à la problématique d’affaissement des sols organiques, les pratiques actuelles menacent la pérennité de cette ressource. Dans cette étude, nous testons le potentiel de la crotalaire (Crotalaria juncea) comme engrais vert afin de contrôler les nématodes phytoparasites et comme apport de carbone. L’enfouissement de la crotalaire a permis de réduire de dix fois les populations du nématode cécidogène du Nord (Meloidogyne hapla) et d’augmenter significativement les rendements de carottes l’année subséquente. Aucun effet significatif n’a cependant été observé sur le nématode des lésions, Pratylenchus penetrans.
Mots-clés :
- amendement du sol,
- affaissement des sols organiques,
- Crotalaria juncea,
- gestion phytosanitaire,
- lutte biologique,
- Meloidogyne hapla,
- Pratylenchus penetrans
Abstract
Organic soils are an important resource for vegetable crops. However, these crops are very demanding in terms of pest control, fertilization and tillage. Combined with organic soil subsidence, current practices threaten the sustainability of this resource. In this study, we test the potential of Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) as a green manure to control populations of plant-parasitic nematodes and as a carbon input to the soil. Incorporating Sunn hemp resulted in a ten-fold reduction in populations of the northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) and a significant increase in carrot yields the following year. However, no significant effect was observed on the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans.
Keywords:
- biocontrol,
- Crotalaria juncea,
- management,
- Meloidogyne hapla,
- Pratylenchus penetrans,
- soil amendment,
- organic soil subsidence
Appendices
Bibliographie
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