Abstracts
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the qualitative production of extracellular enzymes produced by ten endophytic fungi and to investigate their antifungal potential against some phytopathogenic fungi namely, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. In addition, the endophytic fungal isolates were screened for enzyme production by plate assay method. All endophytic fungi were able to produce proteases and cellulases with different levels except Alternaria alternata. Meanwhile, Fusarium, Alternaria, Nigrospora and Phoma species produced amylase. None of the tested endophytic fungi showed laccase production. Endophytic fungi filtrates revealed variable antifungal activities against the tested phytopathogenic fungi with Curvularia lunata filtrate being the most effective. This filtrate induced 48% and 80% growth inhibition of B. cinerea and R. solani, respectively. The phytochemical analysis of the endophytic fungi crude extract disclosed the presence of alkaloids and terpenoids. Morphological observations by optical microscope showed uncommon hyphal deformation and enlargement of cytoplasmic vacuoles of R. solani when treated with C. lunata filtrate. Furthermore, C. lunata (hyphal suspension and filtrate) was examined to control root rot caused by R. solani on faba bean plants in vivo. Both antagonistic treatments significantly reduced root rot severity.
Keywords:
- biological control,
- Curvularia lunata,
- endophytes,
- extracellular enzymes,
- pathogenic fungi,
- secondary metabolites
Résumé
Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de déterminer la production qualitative des enzymes extracellulaires de dix champignons endophytes et d’étudier le potentiel antimicrobien de leurs filtrats sur certains champignons phyto-pathogènes. Les dosages enzymatiques ont démontré qu’il y avait une variation dans la production de différentes enzymes extracellulaires parmi les champignons endophytes testés. Tous les champignons endophytes étaient capables de produire des protéases et de la cellulase avec des niveaux différents sauf Alternaria alternata. Pourtant, les espèces Fusarium, Alternaria, Nigrospora et Phoma étaient capables de produire l’amylase. Aucun des champignons endophytes testés n’a produit de laccase. Les filtrats de champignons endophytes ont révélé des activités antifongiques variables contre les champignons phytopathogènes testés, dont le plus efficace était le filtrat de Curvularia lunata. Ce filtrat a induit une inhibition de croissance de 48 % et 80 % de Botrytis cinerea et Rhizoctonia solani respectivement. L’analyse phytochimique de l’extrait brut de champignons endophytes a révélé la présence d’alcaloïdes et de terpénoïdes. Les observations morphologiques au microscope optique ont montré une déformation hypale et un élargissement des vacuoles cytoplasmiques de R. solani lorsqu’il est traité avec du filtrat de C. lunata. De plus, C. lunata (suspension d’hypales et filtrat) a été examiné pour lutter contre la pourriture des racines causée par R. solani sur des plants de fèves in vivo. Les deux traitements antagonistes ont considérablement réduit la gravité de la pourriture des racines.
Mots-clés :
- lutte biologique,
- Curvularia lunata,
- endophytes,
- enzymes extracellulaires,
- champignons pathogènes,
- métabolites secondaires
Appendices
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