Abstracts
Abstract
The virulence of ten indigenous and two commercial isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, was assessed under laboratory conditions. When comparing commercial isolates, Steinernema carpocapsae exhibited higher virulence than S. feltiae. One indigenous isolate of S. carpocapsae (6Sc) provided similar or higher virulence than the commercial isolate against black cutworm larvae. An indigenous strain of S. kraussei demonstrated low virulence in our study.
Keywords:
- Biological control,
- cutworm,
- entomopathogenic nematodes,
- golf courses,
- Steinernema carpocapsae,
- Steinernema feltiae,
- turfgrass
Résumé
La virulence de dix isolats indigènes et deux isolats commerciaux de nématodes entomopathogènes contre le vers-gris noir, Agrotis ipsilon, a été évaluée en laboratoire. Lorsqu’on compare les isolats commerciaux, Steinernema carpocapsae a démontré une virulence supérieure à S. feltiae. Un isolat indigène de S. carpocapsae (6Sc) a affiché une virulence similaire ou supérieure à la formulation commerciale contre les larves de vers-gris noir. Le nématode indigène S. kraussei a démontré une faible virulence dans notre étude.
Mots-clés :
- Gazon,
- lutte biologique,
- nématodes entomopathogènes,
- Steinernema carpocapsae,
- Steinernema feltiae,
- terrains de golf,
- vers-gris
Appendices
References
- Ansari, M.A., L. Waeyenberge, and M. Moens. 2007. Natural occurrence of Steinernema carpocapsae, Weiser, 1955 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in Belgian turf and its virulence to Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Russ. J. Nematol. 15 : 21-24.
- Baur, M.E., H.K. Kaya, and B.E. Tabashnik. 1997. Efficacy of a dehydrated steinernematid nematode against black cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 90 : 1200-1206.
- Bélair, G., A.M. Koppenhöfer, J. Dionne, and L. Simard. 2010. Current and potential use of pathogens in the management of turfgrass insects as affected by new pesticide regulations in North America. Int. J. Pest Manag. 56 : 51-60.
- Busching, M.K., and F.T. Turpin. 1977. Survival and development of black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) larvae on various species of crop plants and weeds. Environ. Entomol. 6 : 63-65.
- Dutky, S.R., J.V. Thompson, and G.E. Cantwell. 1964. A technique for the mass propagation of the DD-136 nematode. J. Insect Pathol. 6 : 417-422.
- Ebssa, L., and A.M. Koppenhöfer. 2011. Efficacy and persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes for black cutworm control in turfgrass. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 21 : 779-796.
- Grewal, P.S., A.M. Koppenhöfer, and H.Y. Choo. 2005. Lawn, turfgrass and pasture applications. Pages 115-146 in Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents. P.S. Grewal, R.-U. Ehlers, and D.I. Shapiro-Ilan (eds.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
- Held, D.W., and D.A. Potter. 2012. Prospects for managing turfgrass pests with reduced chemical inputs. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 57 : 329-354.
- Mráček, Z. 1977.Steinernema kraussei, a parasite of the body cavity of the sawfly, Cephaleia abietis, in Czechoslovakia. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 30 : 87-94.
- Potter, D.A. 1998. Destructive turfgrass insects: biology, diagnosis and control. Ann Arbor Press, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Redmond, C.T., and D.A. Potter. 2010. Incidence of turf-damaging white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and associated pathogens and parasitoids on Kentucky golf courses. Environ. Entomol. 39 : 1838-1847.
- Reese, J.C., L.M. English, T.R. Yonke, and M.L. Fairchild. 1972. A method for rearing black cutworms. J. Econ. Entomol. 65 : 1047-1050.
- SAS Institute Inc. 1999. SAS Systems for Windows, version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
- Simard, L. 2006. Distribution, abondance et écologie saisonnière des principaux insectes ravageurs du gazon sur les terrains de golf du Québec et évaluation du potentiel de contrôle des nématodes entomopathogènes indigènes. Thèse de doctorat, Université Laval, Québec, QC.
- Simard, L., G. Bélair, M.-E. Gosselin, and J. Dionne. 2006. Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) against Tipula paludosa (Diptera: Tipulidae), a turfgrass pest on golf courses. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 16 : 789-801.
- Simard, L., G. Bélair, S.P. Stock, and J. Dionne. 2007. Natural occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) on golf courses in eastern Canada. Nematology 9 : 325-332.