Abstracts
Abstract
Pythium species cause seed rot (SR) and damping-off (DO) in soybean worldwide. In a previous study, a number of Pythium species were isolated from infected soybean plants across Ontario and Quebec, but their comparative pathogenicities to soybean were not examined. In the present research, 24 isolates from eight Pythium spp. were evaluated for their pathogenicity in causing soybean SR and DO in a greenhouse environment. The effect of temperature on the ability of these isolates to cause SR was also studied. There were significant differences among the eight Pythium spp. for both SR and DO. When tested at 25°C, Pythium ultimum was the most pathogenic species, causing 97.0% SR and 46.4% DO, on average, in the two soybean cultivars used. Pythium aphanidermatum was the second most pathogenic species, resulting in 88.5% SR and 41.8% DO. The two species resulted in significantly greater SR and DO than the other six species tested and were considered highly pathogenic. Of the two cultivars used in these trials, ‘Beechwood’ was significantly more susceptible than ‘Nattawa’ to both SR and DO. Temperature had a significant influence on SR caused by Pythium spp. At all four temperatures tested (4°C, 12°C, 20°C and 28°C), P. ultimum was highly pathogenic, while P. arrenomanes, P. coloratum and P. dissotocum were the least pathogenic. The interactions between temperature and Pythium spp. were more pronounced for P. aphanidermatum, which showed an increased percentage of SR with an increase in temperature, and for P. irregulare, P. macrosporum and P. sylvaticum, which showed a decreased percentage of SR with an increase in temperature.
Keywords:
- damping-off,
- Glycine max,
- pathogenicity,
- Pythium spp.,
- seed rot,
- soybean
Résumé
Les espèces de Pythium provoquent la pourriture de racine (PR) et la fonte des semis (FS) chez la fève de soja dans le monde entier. Dans une étude précédente, des espèces de Pythium ont été isolées à partir de plants de fève de soja infectés en Ontario et au Québec, mais leur pouvoir pathogène n’a pas été évalué. Dans la présente recherche, le pouvoir pathogène de 24 isolats de huit espèces de Pythium a été évalué relativement à leur capacité de provoquer la PR et la FS dans des serres; l’effet de la température sur leur capacité de provoquer la PR a également été étudié. Il y avait des différences significatives entre les huit espèces de Pythium pour la PR et la FS. À 25°C, P. ultimum détenait le plus grand pouvoir pathogène, provoquant 97,0 % de PR et 46,4 % de FS, en moyenne, chez les deux cultivars utilisés. Pythium aphanidermatum détenait le deuxième plus grand pouvoir pathogène, provoquant 88,5 % de PR et 41,8 % de FS. Des deux cultivars utilisés dans ces essais, ‘Beechwood’ était significativement plus susceptible que ‘Nattawa’ à la PR et à la FS. La température a eu un effet significatif sur la PR. Pour les quatre températures évaluées (4°C, 12°C, 20°C et 28°C), P. ultimum détenait un important pouvoir pathogène, alors que P. arrenomanes, P. coloratum et P. dissotocum étaient les moins pathogènes. L’influence de la température était plus prononcée chez P. aphanidermatum, qui montrait un pourcentage élevé de PR avec une augmentation de la température, et chez P. irregulare, P. macrosporum et P. sylvaticum, qui ont montré une diminution de PR avec une augmentation de la température.
Mots clés:
- fève de soja,
- fonte des semis,
- Glycine max,
- pourriture de racine,
- pouvoir pathogène,
- Pythium spp
Appendices
References
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