Abstracts
Abstract
Chitosan amendment modified the composition of a microbial community associated with dehydrated pork manure by-product. The amended product (biosolid PC) contained a lower number of anaerobic bacteria than the non-amended product (biosolid P). Chitosan also significantly reduced the fungal population. A 16S rRNA gene bank constructed from DNA extracted from the bacterial community associated with both P and PC biosolids revealed that bacterial orders Xanthomonodales, Pseudomonadales, Enterobacteriales, Burkholderiales, Actinomycetales, Bacillales, Clostridiales and Lactobacillales were found in both biosolids. Bacteria from the Stenotrophomonas genus were abundant in both biosolids. However, the addition of chitosan appeared to induce changes in the population of some bacterial genera. For example, clones carrying a 16S rRNA gene corresponding to the Bacillus genus were doubled in biosolid PC. In field trials carried out to test their effect on common scab incidence, biosolids P and PC were applied as potato seed treatment. Biosolid P increased disease incidence by a factor of 1.33 and 2.85 in two independent experiments. However, when chitosan was added to the seed treatment, the stimulating effect of biosolid P on common scab was cancelled out.
Keywords:
- 16S rRNA gene,
- liquid manure,
- potato,
- Streptomyces scabiei,
- Streptomyces scabies
Résumé
Un amendement en chitosane a modifié la composition de la communauté microbienne associée à un sous-produit déshydraté de fumier de porc. Le produit amendé (biosolide PC) contenait un nombre de bactéries anaérobies inférieur à celui du produit non amendé (biosolide P). Le chitosane a aussi réduit de façon significative la population fongique. Une banque de gènes de l’ARNr 16S construite à partir de l’ADN extrait de la communauté bactérienne associée aux biosolides P et PC a révélé que les ordres bactériens Xanthomonodales, Pseudomonadales, Enterobacteriales, Burkholderiales, Actinomycetales, Bacillales, Clostridiales et Lactobacillales se trouvaient dans les deux types de biosolides. Les bactéries du genre Stenotrophomonas étaient les plus abondantes dans les deux types de biosolides. L’addition de chitosane a toutefois induit des changements dans la population de quelques genres de bactéries. Par exemple, les clones transportant un gène d’ARNr 16S correspondant au genre Bacillus doublaient dans le biosolide PC. Dans des essais en champs entrepris dans le but de tester leur effet sur l’incidence de la gale commune, les biosolides P et PC ont été appliqués comme traitement des semences de pomme de terre. Le biosolide P a augmenté l’incidence de la maladie par un facteur de 1,33 et de 2,85 dans deux expériences indépendantes. Toutefois, quand le chitosane était ajouté au traitement de semences, l’effet stimulant du biosolide P sur la gale commune était aboli.
Mots-clés :
- gène d’ARNr 16S,
- lisier,
- pomme de terre,
- Streptomyces scabiei,
- Streptomyces scabies
Appendices
References
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