Abstracts
Abstract
The contamination of corn with fumonisin produced by Fusarium species represents an important risk for humans and animals. The incidence of Fusarium spp. and contamination by fumonisin B1 (FB1) were studied in field samples from 70 fields of corn during the 2005 and 2006 preharvest seasons in the province of Samsun, Turkey. Fusarium was the predominant genus isolated from the field samples, with F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans being the most commonly isolated species. The occurrence of Fusarium spp. varied each year, from 97.14% to 78.57% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The widespread occurrence of FB1 was also observed across the Samsun province. All corn samples infected with F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans tested positive for FB1, but none were infected with FB2. Levels of FB1 ranged from 0.28 to 8.48 mg kg-1 in 2005 and from 0.11 to 2.77 mg kg-1 in 2006. The concentration of FB1 was lower than 2 mg kg-1 in 63.6% of the samples, 28.8% contained from 2 mg kg-1 to 5 mg kg-1, while 7.6% contained more than 5 mg kg-1. Our study shows that corn contamination with both Fusarium and FB1 was present throughout the Samsun province, but it was strongly dependent on environmental and seasonal conditions. However, there was no Fusarium contamination in certain native white-type and popcorn-type cultivars in 2005 and 2006.
Keywords:
- Fusarium proliferatum,
- F. subglutinans,
- F. verticillioides,
- HPLC,
- mycotoxins
Résumé
La contamination du maïs par la fumonisine produite par des espèces de Fusarium présente un risque important pour les humains et les animaux. L’incidence des espèces de Fusarium et la contamination par la fumonisine B1 (FB1) ont été étudiées durant la saison précédant la récolte en 2005 et 2006 dans des échantillons provenant de 70 champs de maïs de la province de Samsun, en Turquie. Fusarium était le genre prédominant dans les échantillons de champ, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum et F. subglutinans étant les espèces les plus communément isolées. La présence d’espèces de Fusarium variait d’une année à l’autre, passant de 97,14 % à 78,57 % en 2005 et 2006, respectivement. La présence très répandue de FB1 a également été observée dans la province de Samsun. Tous les échantillons de maïs infectés par F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum et F. subglutinans étaient contaminés par la FB1, mais aucun n’était contaminé par la FB2. Le niveau d’infection par la FB1 variait entre 0,28 et 8,48 mg kg-1 en 2005 et entre 0,11 et 2,77 mg kg-1 en 2006. La concentration de FB1 était inférieure à 2 mg kg-1 dans 63,6 % des échantillons, 28,8 % en contenait de 2 mg kg-1 à 5 mg kg-1, alors que 7,6 % en contenait plus de 5 mg kg-1. Notre étude montre que la contamination du maïs par le Fusarium et la FB1 est répandue à travers la province de Samsun, mais qu’elle dépend fortement des conditions environnementales et saisonnières. Toutefois, certains cultivars indigènes de types blanc et popcorn n’étaient pas contaminés par le Fusarium en 2005 et 2006.
Mots-clés :
- CLHP,
- Fusarium proliferatum,
- F. subglutinans,
- F. verticillioides,
- mycotoxines
Appendices
References
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