Abstracts
Abstract
The pathogenicity of eight Fusarium species causing fusarium head blight (FHB) in barley was studied under controlled conditions. Six barley genotypes varying in resistance to FHB were artificially inoculated with six isolates each of F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. poae and F. sporotrichioides 10-14 d after heading. Symptoms of FHB were rated as disease severity using a 0-9 scale, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after inoculation, and as percentage of infected spikelets (IS) after 21 d. All species tested caused head blight symptoms on the barley genotypes, but only F. crookwellense, F. culmorum and F. graminearum resulted in severe disease development (> 65% IS) and were considered highly pathogenic. Fusarium avenaceum had 48% IS, which was significantly lower than those of the three highly pathogenic species and was moderately pathogenic. The remaining species had < 15% IS and were weakly pathogenic. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in aggressiveness among isolates within species and in susceptibility among barley genotypes, suggesting that screening for resistance to FHB requires the use of aggressive isolates or a mixture of several isolates. This is the first report showing that F. crookwellense is highly pathogenic and F. avenaceum is moderately pathogenic on barley.
Keywords:
- Fusarium head blight,
- Fusarium spp.,
- Hordeum vulgare,
- pathogenicity
Résumé
Le pouvoir pathogène de huit espèces de Fusarium responsables de la fusariose de l'épi (FÉ) chez l'orge a été étudié en conditions contrôlées. Dix à quatorze j après l'épiaison, six génotypes d'orge avec divers degrés de résistance à la FÉ ont été inoculés artificiellement avec six isolats de chacune des espèces suivantes : F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. poae et F. sporotrichioides. Les symptômes de FÉ ont été notés 4, 7, 14, 21 et 28 j après l'inoculation sur une échelle d'intensité de maladie de 0 à 9; ils ont également été notés après 21 j sur le pourcentage d'épillets infectés (PÉI). Toutes les espèces étudiées ont provoqué des symptômes de fusariose de l'épi sur les génotypes d'orge, mais seulement F. crookwellense, F. culmorum et F. graminearum ont causé un développement marqué de la maladie (PÉI > 65 %) et ont été considérés comme fortement pathogènes. Avec un PÉI de 48 %, qui était significativement inférieur à ceux des trois espèces les plus pathogènes, le Fusarium avenaceum a été considéré comme moyennement pathogène. Les autres espèces ont eu un PÉI de moins de 15 % et ont été considérées comme faiblement pathogènes. Des différences significatives (P < 0,05) ont été observées entre les espèces pour l'agressivité parmi les isolats et pour la sensibilité parmi les génotypes d'orge, ce qui suggère que le tri pour la résistance à la FÉ doit faire appel à des isolats agressifs ou à un mélange de plusieurs isolats. C'est la première fois que le F. crookwellense est signalé comme fortement pathogène et le F. avenaceum comme moyennement pathogène sur l'orge.
Mots clés:
- Fusariose de l'épi,
- Fusarium spp.,
- Hordeum vulgare,
- pouvoir pathogène
Appendices
References
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