Abstracts
Résumé
L’activité fongicide des traitements ozone/ionisation a été étudiée. Rhizopus stolonifer et Botrytis cinerea, deux moisissures pathogènes communes de l’entreposage des fraises, ont été inoculées sur gélose et exposées à 106 ions/cm3 d’air et à des concentrations d’ozone de 0,05; 0,1; 0,5 et 1 ppm. En guise d’application, des fraises ont été inoculées par lésion avec chaque souche de moisissure et traitées aux mêmes concentrations d’ozone pour 12, 24, 48, 72 heures et comparées à un témoin inoculé non traité. Les résultats obtenus ont démontré un effet fongicide significatif et/ou fongistatique des traitements combinés ozone/ionisation sur les moisissures étudiées. Les expériences sur gélose ont montré que les teneurs en ozone de 0,05 et 0,1 ppm ont permis, après 36 heures de traitement, de réduire respectivement de 57 et 76 % les populations de R. stolonifer, et de 68 et 78 % les populations de B. cinerea. Pour les concentrations d’ozone de 0,5 et 1 ppm, une réduction de 99 % pour R. stolonifer et de 98 % pour B. cinerea a été observée. Sur les fraises exposées à 1 ppm d’ozone, après 72 heures de traitement, 91,1 et 98,8 % de réduction des populations de R. stolonifer et B. cinerea ont été observées respectivement.
Abstract
The fungicidal activity of the combined treatment ozone/ions was investigated on the development of Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea. R. stolonifer and B. cinerea, two common postharvest pathogens of strawberries, were inoculated on gelose and exposed to 106 ions/cm3 of air with ozone concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 or 1 ppm. Strawberries were wounded and inoculated with R. stolonifer or B. cinerea and exposed to the same ozone/ions concentrations for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results showed a significant fungicidal and/or fungistatic effect of the combined ozone/ions treatments on the fungus. In vitro treatments showed that, after 36 hours of exposure to ozone concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 ppm, the cell count decrease for R. stolonifer was 57 and 76% respectively, while it was 68 and 78% for B. cinerea. Exposure to ozone concentrations of 0.5 and 1 ppm over the same period of time resulted in 99 and 98% decrease for R. stolonifer and B. cinerea, respectively. Ozone/ions treatment in wounded strawberries allowed 91.1 and 98.8% reduction of the counts after 72 hours of exposure to 1 ppm of ozone respectively for R. stolonifer and B. cinerea.
Appendices
References
- Adascaveg, J.E. 1995. Postharvest sanitation to reduce decay of perishable commodities. Perishable Handling Newslett. 82 : 21-25.
- Broadwater, W.T., R.C. Hoehn et P.H. King. 1973. Sensitivity of three selected bacterial species to ozone. Appl. Microbiol. 48 : 391-393.
- Elford, W.J. et J. Van den Ende. 1942. An investigation of the merits of ozone as an aerial disinfectant. J. Hyg. 42 : 496-503.
- Ferreira, M.D., J.A. Bartz, S.A. Sargent et J.K. Brecht. 1996. Assessment of the decay hazard associated with hydrocooling strawberries. Plant Dis. 80 : 1117-1122.
- Foegeding, P.M. 1985. Ozone inactivation of bacillus and clostridium spore populations and the importance of the spore coat to resistance. Food Microbiol. 2 : 123-134.
- Greene, A.K., B.K. Few et J.C. Serafini. 1993. A comparison of ozonation and chlorination for the disinfection of stainless steel surfaces. J. Dairy Sci. 76 : 3617-3620.
- Harding, P.R. Jr. 1968. Effect of ozone on Penicillium mold decay and sporulation. Plant. Dis. Rep. 52 : 245-247.
- Hibben, C.R. et G. Stotzky. 1969. Effect of ozone on the germination of fungus spores. Can. J. Microbiol. 15 : 1187-1196.
- Hoigné, G. et H. Bader. 1976. The role of hydroxyl radical reaction in ozonation processes in aqueous solutions. Water Res. 10 : 377-386.
- Ishizaki, K., N. Shirinki et T. Ueda. 1984. Degradation of nucleic acids with ozone. V. Mechanism of action of ozone on desoxyribonucleoside 5’- monophosphate. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 32 : 3601-3606.
- Ishizaki, K., N. Shirinki et H. Matsuyama. 1986. Inactivation of bacillus spores by gaseous ozone. J. App. Bact. 60 : 67-72.
- Jin, L., W. Xiaoyu, Y. Honglin, W. Jiaxun et L. Yaguang. 1989. Influence of discharge products on post-harvest physiology of fruits. Proc. 6th Int. Symp. High Voltage Eng. 28 August-1 September 1989, New Orleans, LA, p. 4.
- Marvin, V., G. Moretti et M. Rassu. 1989. Effect of ionization of the air on some bacterial strains. Ann. Ing. 1 : 1491-500.
- Menzel, D.B. 1971. Oxidation of biologically active reducing substances by ozone. Arch. Environ. Health 23 : 149-153.
- Mudd, J.B., H.R. Leavi, A. Ongun et T.T. McManus. 1969. Reaction of ozone with amino acids and proteins. Atmos. Environ. 3 : 669-682.
- Ogawa, J.M., A.J. Feliciano et B.T. Manji. 1990. Evaluation of ozone as a disinfectant in postharvest dump tank treatment for tomato. Phytopathology 80 : 1020-1024.
- Palou, L., J.L. Smilanick, C.H. Crisosto et M. Mansour. 2001. Effect of gaseous ozone effect exposure on the development of green and blue molds on cold stored citrus fruits. Plant Dis. 85 : 632-638.
- Palou, L., C.H. Crisosto, J.L. Smilanick, J.E. Adaskaveg et J.P. Zoffodi. 2002. Effect of continuous 0.3 ppm ozone exposure on decay development and physiological responses of peaches and tables grapes in cold storage. Postharvest Biol. Tech. 24 : 39-48.
- Rice, R.G., C.M. Robson, G.W. Miller et A.G. Hill. 1981. Uses of ozone in drinking water treatment. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 73 : 44-57.
- Rice, R.G., W. Farquhar et L.J. Bollyki. 1982. Review of the application of ozone for increasing storage time for perishable foods. Ozone Sci. Eng. 4 : 147-163.
- Roy, D., P.K.Y. Wong, R.S. Engelbrecht et E.S.K. Chan. 1981. Mechanism of enteroviral inactivation by ozone. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40 : 718-723.
- Russel, A.D. 1982. The destruction of bacterial spores. Pages 1-29 and 232-258. Academic Press, London.
- SAS Institute Inc. 1982. SAS user’s guide: Statistics. Cary, NC. 584 pp.
- Schomer, H.A. et L.P. McColloch. 1948. Ozone in relation to storage of apples. U.S.D.A., Circular No. 765. 24 pp.
- Shimusu, Y., J. Makinott, J. Sato et S. Iwamoto. 1982. Preventing rot of Kyoho grapes in cold storage with ozone. Res. Bull. Aichi Agric. Res. Cent. 14 : 225-238.
- Shirinki, N., K. Ishizaki, K. Miura, T. Ueda et F. Harada. 1983. Degradation of nucleic acids with ozone. III. Mode of ozone degradation of mouse proline transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) and isoleucine tRNA. Chem. Phar. Bull. (Tokyo) 31 : 3601-3608.
- Smilanick, J.L., C.H. Crisosto et F. Mlikota. 1999. Postharvest use of ozone on fresh fruits. Perishables Handling Q. 99 : 10-14.
- Song, J., L. Fan, P.D. Hildebrand et C.F. Forney. 2000. Biological effects of Corona discharge on onions in a commercial storage facility. Hortic. Technol. 10 : 608-612.
- Spotts, R.A. et L.A. Cervantes. 1992. Effect of ozonated water on postharvest pathogens of pears in laboratory and packinghouse tests. Plant Dis. 76 : 256-259.
- Spotts, R.A. et B.B. Peters. 1980. Chlorine and chlorine dioxide for control of d’Anjou pear decay. Plant Dis. 64 : 1095-1097.
- Tanimura, Y.N., K.O. Nakatsugawa et J.J. Hirotsu. 1997. Inhibition of microbial growth using negative air ions. J. Antibact. Antifung. Agents 25 : 625-631.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 1997. Substances generally recognized as safe, proposed rule. Federal Register 62 (74) : 18937-18964.
- U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1984. Ozone (KIBRT) in Workplace Atmospheres (USDOL/OSHA-SLCAL Method No. ID-150). Salt Lake City, UT.
- Venosa, A.D., 1983. Current state of the art of waste water disinfection. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 55 : 457-466.
- White, G.C. 1992. Ozone. Pages 1046-1110 dans Handbook of chlorination and alternative disinfectant. Third Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.