Abstracts
Abstract
Carrot yield (Daucus carota) and population levels of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans and the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla were measured in five rotation crops and in subsequent carrot crops at three field sites (1998-1999, 1999-2000, and 2000-2001). Total and marketable carrot yields averaged over the three sites did not differ in the crop sequences but there was a difference among sites. The total yields at sites 1, 2, and 3 were 77.86, 68.12, and 30.33 tonnes ha-1, respectively. Marketable yields were 59.04, 60.62, and 24.11 tonnes ha-1 at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The lower yields were attributed primarily to less rainfall during July and August in 2001, and possibly to northern root-knot nematodes that were more prevalent at site 3. Mean levels of root-lesion nematodes in soil were highest (2690 nematodes kg-1) in carrot that followed timothy (Phleum pratense cv. Common), lowest (1100 nematodes kg-1) in carrots that followed marigold (Tagetes erecta cv. Crackerjack), and intermediate after barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Chapais), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum cv. Millet 101), and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Lemtal). Root-lesion nematode populations were also lower in marigold than in the other crops. Northern root-knot nematodes were not detected in rotation crops. The study indicated that carrot yields did not differ irrespective of the previous crop, but root-lesion nematode populations in soil at harvest were highest in carrots that followed timothy and lowest in carrots that followed marigolds. Population levels of root-knot nematodes in carrots did not differ among the crop sequences.
Résumé
Le rendement de la carotte (Daucus carota) et l’importance des populations du nématode des lésions de racines Pratylenchus penetrans et du nématode cécidogène du nord Meloidogyne hapla ont été mesurés dans cinq cultures utilisées en rotation et dans les cultures subséquentes de carottes à trois sites en champ (1998-1999, 1999-2000 et 2000-2001). La moyenne des rendements totaux et commercialisables pour les trois sites ne différait pas en fonction de la séquence des cultures, mais différait en fonction des sites. Les rendements totaux aux sites 1, 2 et 3 ont été respectivement de 77,86, 68,12 et 30,33 tonnes ha-1. Les rendements commercialisables ont été respectivement de 59,04, 60,62 et 24,11 tonnes ha-1 aux sites 1, 2 et 3. Les rendements les plus faibles ont été principalement attribués à des précipitations moins importantes au cours des mois de juillet et août 2001, et peut-être aussi à la présence du nématode cécidogène du nord au site 3. Les populations moyennes du nématode des lésions de racines ont été plus élevées (2690 nématodes kg-1) dans la carotte qui suivait la phléole (Phleum pratense cv. Common), plus faibles (1100 nématodes kg-1) dans la carotte qui suivait le tagète (Tagetes erecta cv. Crackerjack) et intermédiaires après l’orge (Hordeum vulgare cv. Chapais), le mil perlé (Pennisetum glaucum cv. Millet 101) et le ray-grass d’Italie (Lolium multiflorum cv. Lemtal). Les popu-lations du nématode des lésions de racines ont aussi été plus faibles dans les cultures de tagètes que dans les autres cultures. Le nématode cécidogène du nord n’a pas été détecté dans les cultures utilisées dans la rotation. L’étude a montré que le rendement de la carotte n’est pas influencé par la culture précédente, mais que les populations du nématode des lésions de racines dans le sol au moment de la récolte étaient plus élevées dans la carotte qui suit la phléole et plus faibles dans la carotte qui suit le tagète. L’importance de la population du nématode cécidogène du nord pour la carotte est indifférente à la séquence des cultures.
Appendices
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