Abstracts
Résumé
Des couples vierges de Sitophilus zeamais ont été placés dans des boîtes de Pétri contenant 8, 16 ou 32 grains de maïs. Après 10 jours d’infestation, nous avons dénombré les oeufs pondus, le nombre de grains infestés et la fréquence de distribution des oeufs par grain. Les grains ont ensuite été laissés en incubation pendant 7 semaines avant d’observer l’émergence des adultes et déterminer leur poids moyen et le sexe-ratio. Les résultats de la distribution des oeufs sur les grains de maïs indiquent que la ponte se fait de manière agrégative. Il n’existe pas de différence au niveau du nombre moyen d’oeufs pondus dans chaque traitement (avec une moyenne de 43, 39 et 36 oeufs pour les densités de 32, 16 et 8 grains/Pétri respectivement). Par contre, en ce qui concerne l’émergence des adultes, le plus grand nombre d’individus provient des lots contenant le plus grand nombre de grains. Il existe également des différences significatives au niveau du poids moyen des adultes issus des lots exposés à 32 grains (3,6 mg) qui sont plus lourds que ceux issus des lots contenant 8 grains de maïs (3,4 mg). Par contre, le sexe-ratio des charançons émergés ne diffère pas d’un lot de grains à un autre, et ce, pour les trois traitements. L’importance quantitative des ressources alimentaires sur le comportement de ponte et la biologie des insectes à cycle de développement endogé et la possibilité de l’existence d’une stratégie reproductive sont discutées.
Abstract
Virgin male/female pairs of Sitophilus zeamais were placed in Petri dishes containing 8, 16 or 32 maize grains for 10 days. After this period, the adults were removed and records were made as follow: number of eggs laid, number of grains infested and frequency distribution of egg number per grain. The grains were kept for 7 weeks after which the emerged adults were sieved off and counted. The sex ratio and weight were determined. Results indicated that S. zeamais tends to cluster eggs on the grains. There was no significant difference between the number of eggs recorded in each treatment (with an average of 43, 39 and 36 eggs for the quantities of 32, 16 and 8 grains per dish respectively). However, more adults emerged from the high density treatment. Average weight of adults emerged from batches exposed to 32 grains (3.6 mg) was also significantly higher than that resulting from batches containing 8 grains (3.4 mg). Sex ratios of emerged adults did not differ among treatments. The impact of grain quantity on biology and oviposition, in internally feeding granivore insects and the possibility that there is an adaptive reproductive strategy are discussed.
Appendices
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