Abstracts
Abstract
The 1925 unveiling of the Champlain monument in Orillia capped nearly three decades of public commemoration of Samuel de Champlain’s explorations in North America. Promoted tirelessly by local entrepreneur Charles Harold Hale and designed by English sculptor Vernon March, the monument was beset by controversy, construction delays and cost overruns. Nonetheless, when completed, it was initially greeted with nearly unanimous international acclaim. Two overarching themes marked the monument. First, its backers sought to use it to improve frayed relations between Ontario’s anglophone and Quebec’s francophone populations. Second, the monument’s design misrepresented the mutually beneficial relationship between Champlain and his Huron allies and promoted Eurocentric and colonial mentalities that marginalized the Indigenous contribution to the development of New France and Canada. While the first goal was largely unrealized, the second has resonated down to the present day.
Résumé
En 1925 à Orillia, le dévoilement du monument de Champlain avait été le point culminant de commémorations publiques de l’exploration de l’Amérique du Nord par Samuel de Champlain. Promu sans relâche par l’entrepreneur local Charles Harold Hale et conçu par le sculpteur anglais Vernon March, ce monument fut proie à des controverses, des délais de construction et des dépassements de coûts. Néanmoins, une fois complété, il fut reconnu sur la scène internationale. Deux thèmes principaux caractérisaient ce monument. Premièrement, ses fondateurs voulaient l’utiliser pour améliorer les relations entre les populations anglophones de l’Ontario et francophones du Québec. Deuxièmement, la conception du monument n’avait pas bien représenté la relation mutuellement bénéfique entre Champlain and ses alliés Hurons et avançait une mentalité coloniale et eurocentrique qui minimalisait la contribution indigène au développement de la Nouvelle France et du Canada. Si le premier objectif a échoué, le second en revanche résonne jusqu’à nos jours.
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Appendices
Biographical note
Michael D. Stevenson is an Associate Professor of History at the Orillia campus of Lakehead University specializing in Canadian military and diplomatic history. He received his B.A. and M.A. from Laurentian University and his Ph.D. from the University of Western Ontario. He is the author of Canada’s Greatest Wartime Muddle: National Selective Service and the Mobilization of Human Resources during the Second World War and editor of Documents on Canadian External Relations, volumes 24 and 25. He is currently working (with Eric Bergbusch) on a biography of Howard C. Green, Canada’s foreign minister from 1959 to 1963, and a history of Canadian-American relations during the Progressive Conservative government of John Diefenbaker.