Abstracts
Résumé
La forêt boréale se caractérise par une diversité de cycles de productivité qui affectent les chaînes trophiques, lesquelles sont en partie affectées par le climat. Nous avons analysé les données de l’Observatoire d’oiseaux de Tadoussac pour l’épervier brun (Accipiter striatus) entre 1996 et 2010 en lien avec l’indice climatique de l’Oscillation nord-atlantique (ONA), les précipitations estivales et l’abondance de proies potentielles. À l’automne, les éperviers bruns juvéniles ont migré plus tôt que les adultes et les déplacements des 2 groupes ne se sont pas chevauchés. L’abondance automnale de l’épervier brun, principalement celle des juvéniles, était positivement corrélée avec l’indice climatique de l’ONA de l’hiver précédent, et négativement avec les précipitions des mois de juin et juillet, lesquelles sont reliées à l’indice de l’ONA. De plus, nos résultats ont révélé des corrélations positives entre l’abondance de l’épervier brun lors de la migration d’automne et l’abondance de proies potentielles en période estivale, principalement celle de la grive à dos olive (Catharus ustulatus) et du junco ardoisé (Junco hyemalis). La corrélation positive entre l’abondance d’éperviers bruns et l’ONA de l’hiver précédent suggère que le climat influence probablement la dynamique de population de l’espèce. Les hivers doux et enneigés sont souvent suivis d’un été pluvieux, qui se caractérise par une production moindre de jeunes éperviers. Cela semble lié à la disponibilité de proies pour les éperviers adultes puisque les proies principales sont également moins nombreuses lors d’étés avec une pluviosité supérieure à la normale.
Mots-clés :
- Accipiter striatus,
- climat,
- écosystème boréal,
- épervier brun,
- migration
Abstract
The boreal forest is characterized by a range of productivity cycles that affect food webs, which, in turn, are also partly affected by climate. We analysed sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus) data collected at the Observatoire d’oiseaux de Tadoussac (Tadoussac, Québec) between 1996 and 2010 taking into consideration the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) (a climate index), local summer precipitation and prey abundance. Fall migration of juvenile sharp-shinned hawks occurred earlier than that of adults, and the migration periods of the 2 age groups did not overlap. The fall abundance of sharp-shinned hawks, and especially of juveniles, was positively correlated with the NAO index for the previous winter and negatively correlated with precipitation figures for June and July (which were also correlated with the NAO). Our results also show a positive correlation between summer prey abundance, especially of Swainson’s thrush (Catharusustulatus) and dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), and fall abundance of sharp-shinned hawks. The positive correlation between the fall abundance of sharp-shinned hawks and the NAO index for the preceding winter, suggests that climate influences the population dynamics of this species. Mild winters with abundant snowfall are often followed by wet summers that result in a lower production of young sharp-shinned hawks. This seems to be related to the lower availability of prey during summers with above normal precipitation levels.
Keywords:
- Accipiter striatus,
- boreal ecosystem,
- climate,
- migration,
- sharp-shinned hawk
Appendices
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