Abstracts
Résumé
Les cellules de Langerhans (CL) de l’épiderme et des épithéliums pluristratifiés appartiennent au système immunitaire. Ces cellules ont un éventail de fonctions très différentes, avec des implications qui vont bien au-delà de la peau, en raison de leurs propriétés de migration qui leur permettent d’informer les lymphocytes T dans les ganglions drainants. Les CL furent longtemps considérées comme les acteurs principaux de la réponse immune dans les maladies infectieuses, tel le sida, l’allergie, les réactions inflammatoires chroniques, les rejets de tumeur ou la transplantation. Découvertes il y a près de 140 ans, elles restent cependant énigmatiques par de nombreux aspects, et leur rôle précis dans le déclenchement de la réaction immunitaire cutanée ou dans l’établissement d’une tolérance aux composants du soi reste controversé.
Summary
Epidermal Langerhans cells, a constituent of the skin immune system, have a spectrum of different functions with implications that extend far beyond the skin. They have the potential to internalize particulate agents and macromolecules, and display migratory properties that endow them with the unique capacity to journey between skin and draining lymph nodes where they encounter antigen-specific T lymphocytes. In addition, LC are considered to play a pivotal role in infectious disease such as Aids, allergy, chronic inflammatory reactions, tumor rejections or transplantation. Herein, we will review the features of Langerhans cells, emphasizing characteristics representative of their life-cycle stages that occur within the skin.
Appendices
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