Abstracts
Résumé
La schizophrénie est une maladie complexe et grave, qui touche 0,5 % à 1,0 % de la population. Cette maladie, qui s’installe dès l’adolescence (15-25 ans), est progressive et souvent irréversible, avec un coût social très élevé. Les symptômes positifs, comme les hallucinations, sont assez bien contrôlés par divers « antipsychotiques », tandis que les troubles cognitifs et déficitaires restent difficiles à traiter. Les antipsychotiques possèdent des profils d’interactions avec des récepteurs très différents, mais interagissent tous avec les voies dopaminergiques dont l’activité est perturbée chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie. La dopamine agit par l’intermédiaire de cinq classes de récepteurs, ce qui représente une palette étendue pour l’élaboration de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques. Des résultats expérimentaux récents suggèrent que les récepteurs de sous-type D3 sont impliqués dans l’étiologie de la schizophrénie, et les premières études cliniques utilisant des antagonistes D3 ont été récemment mises en route pour évaluer cette hypothèse.
Summary
Schizophrenia is a complex and serious disorder which affects some 0.5-1.0 % of the population. The disease generally begins in adolescence. This early onset, together with the progressive and often irreversible nature of schizophrenia, account for its high social cost. Positive symptoms, such as hallucinations, are generally well-controlled by antipsychotics, whereas cognitive and deficit symptoms are poorly-treated. All antipsychotic agents, irrespective of their overall receptor-binding profiles, interact with dopaminergic mechanisms that are known to be perturbed in schizophrenic patients. Dopamine exerts its actions via five classes of receptor, offering a broad palette of targets for the conception of novel antipsychotic agents. The present article focuses on the relevance of dopamine D3 receptors to the aetiology and treatment of schizophrenia. Experimental studies suggest that, as compared to other drugs, antipsychotic agents which preferentially block D3 receptors may possess therapeutic advantages, notably in the control of cognitive symptoms. The first clinical studies for the evaluation of this hypothesis have recently got underway.
Appendices
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