Abstracts
Résumé
Les métalloprotéases matricielles (MMP) contrôlent ou dégradent par clivage protéolytique des composants de la matrice extracellulaire, des protéines d’adhérence, des récepteurs membranaires et des protéines solubles. Le contrôle de l’activité des MMP par leurs inhibiteurs physiologiques, les TIMP (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases), contribue à l’homéostasie tissulaire. En revanche, la perte de ce contrôle peut être associée à des processus de prolifération ou de mort cellulaire et aux remaniements tissulaires qui caractérisent les maladies malignes et dégénératives de nombreux tissus n’appartenant pas au système nerveux. Cet article fait le point sur les résultats récents montrant que les MMP jouent également un rôle central dans la physiopathologie du système nerveux et qu’elles pourraient constituer de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans différentes maladies du système nerveux.
Summary
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) belong to a growing family of secreted or membrane-bound (MT-MMP) enzymes that cleave protein components of the extracellular matrix and bioactive factors involved in intercellular signaling. MMP activity is counterbalanced by their four physiological inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs). Together, MMP and TIMP control cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions associated with physiological processes. However, the breakdown of the protease-inhibitor balance may lead to the loss of tissue homeostasis and the development of degenerative and tumorigenic processes in various tissues. The emerging idea is that the MMP/TIMP system also plays a major role in the pathology and physiology of the nervous system and that mastering MMP activity will set the basis for new and more efficient therapeutic strategies against nervous system disorders.
Appendices
Références
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