Abstracts
Résumé
Les facteurs d’échange nucléotidique (GEF) de la famille Vav sont des activateurs essentiels des GTPases Rho qui contrôlent l’organisation du cytosquelette d’actine et la transcription de gènes. Parmi les nombreux GEF identifiés à ce jour, les protéines Vav sont les seules dont l’activité catalytique est réglée par phosphorylation sur tyrosine. En outre, leur structure faite de nombreux domaines d’interaction protéine-protéine et protéine-lipide leur permet de jouer un rôle adaptateur dans l’assemblage de complexes moléculaires. La combinaison unique de ces propriétés fait des protéines Vav un carrefour privilégié de multiples voies de signalisation dans de nombreux types cellulaires. La fonction des lymphocytes au cours des réponses immunitaire et inflammatoire met en jeu des remodelages extrêmement dynamiques de leur architecture cellulaire. Il n’est donc pas surprenant que les protéines Vav jouent un rôle central dans la régulation des réponses lymphocytaires physiologiques et pathologiques.
Summary
Guanine exchange factors (GEF) of the Vav family are critical activators of Rho GTPases, which control actin cytoskeletal reorganization and gene transcription. Among all GEFs identified, Vav proteins are the only GEFs regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Moreover, their struture contains several protein-protein or protein-lipid interaction domains. These domains are involved in the formation of multimolecular signalling complexes, highlighting the adaptor role of Vav proteins. The unique combination of these properties makes Vav proteins privileged integrators of multiple signalling pathways in a broad range of tissues and cells. Lymphocyte function during inflammatory and immune responses requires a dynamic remodelling of cellular architecture. Thus, it is not surprising that Vav proteins have been found to play a central role in the regulation of physiologic and pathologic lymphocyte responses.
Appendices
Références
- 1. Bar-Sagi D, Hall A. Ras and Rho GTPases: a family reunion. Cell 2000; 103: 227-38.
- 2. Katzav S, Martin-Zanca D, Barbacid M. Vav, a novel human oncogene derived from a locus ubiquitously expressed in hematopoietic cells. EMBO J 1989; 8: 2283-90.
- 3. Schuebel KE, Bustelo XR, Nielsen DA, et al. Isolation and characterization of murine vav2, a member of the vav family of proto-oncogenes. Oncogene 1996; 13: 363-71.
- 4. Movilla N, Bustelo XR. Biological and regulatory properties of Vav-3, a new member of the Vav family of oncoproteins. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19: 7870-85.
- 5. Bustelo XR. Regulatory and signaling properties of the Vav family. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20: 1461-77.
- 6. Collins TL, Deckert M, Altman A. Views on Vav. Immunol Today 1997; 18: 221-5.
- 7. Crespo P, Schuebel KE, Ostrom AA, Gutkind JS, Bustelo XR. Phosphotyrosine-dependent activation of Rac-1 GDP/GTP exchange by the vav proto-oncogene product. Nature 1997; 385: 169-72.
- 8. Aghazadeh B, Lowry WE, Huang XY, Rosen, MK. Structural basis for relief of autoinhibition of the Dbl homology domain of proto-oncogene Vav by tyrosine phosphorylation. Cell 2000; 102: 625-33.
- 9. Han J, Luby-Phelps K, Das B, et al. Role of substrates and products of PI 3-kinase in regulating activation of Rac-related guanosine triphosphatases by Vav. Science 1998; 279: 558-60.
- 10. Das B, Shu X, Day GJ, et al. Control of intramolecular interactions between the pleckstrin homology and Dbl homology domains of Vav and Sos1 regulates Rac binding. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 15074-81.
- 11. Djouder N, Schmidt G, Frings M, Cavalie A, Thelen M, Aktories K. Rac and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulate the protein kinase B in Fc epsilon RI signaling in RBL 2H3 mast cells. J Immunol 2001; 166: 1627-34.
- 12. Inabe K, Ishiai M, Scharenberg AM, Freshney N, Downward J, Kurosaki T. Vav3 modulates B cell receptor responses by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation. J Exp Med 2002; 195: 189-200.
- 13. Schuebel KE, Movilla N, Rosa JL, Bustelo XR. Phosphorylation-dependent and constitutive activation of Rho proteins by wild-type and oncogenic Vav-2. EMBO J 1998; 17: 6608-21.
- 14. Fischer KD, Zmuldzinas A, Gardner S, Barbacid M, Bernstein A, Guidos C. Defective T-cell receptor signalling and positive selection of Vav-deficient CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes. Nature 1995; 374: 474-7.
- 15. Kong YY, Fischer KD, Bachmann MF, et al. Vav regulates peptide-specific apoptosis in thymocytes. J Exp Med 1998; 188: 2099-111.
- 16. Costello PS, Walters AE, Mee PJ, et al. The Rho-family GTP exchange factor Vav is a critical transducer of T cell receptor signals to the calcium, ERK, and NF-kappaB pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 3035-40.
- 17. Penninger JM, Fischer KD, Sasaki T, et al. The oncogene product Vav is a crucial regulator of primary cytotoxic T cell responses but has no apparent role in CD28-mediated co-stimulation. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29: 1709-18.
- 18. Dood GM, Bell SE, Vigorito E, et al. Signal transduction through Vav-2 participates in humoral immune responses and B cell maturation. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 542-7.
- 19. Tedford K, Nitschke L, Girkontaite I, et al. Compensation between Vav-1 and Vav-2 in B cell development and antigen receptor signaling. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 548-55.
- 20. Krawczyk C, Penninger JM. Molecular motors involved in T cell receptor clusterings. J Leuk Biol 2001; 69: 317-30.
- 21. Kaminuma O, Deckert M, Elly C, Liu YC, Altman A. Vav-Rac1-mediated activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun/AP-1 pathway plays a major role in stimulation of the distal NFAT site in the interleukin-2 gene promoter. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21: 3126-36.
- 22. Charvet C, Auberger P, Tartare-Deckert S, Bernard A, Deckert M. Vav1 couples T cell receptor to serum response factor-dependent transcription via a MEK-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 15376-84.
- 23. Doody GM, Billadeau DD, Clayton E. Vav-2 controls NFAT-dependent transcription in B- but not T-lymphocytes. EMBO J 2000; 19: 6173-84.
- 24. Tartare-Deckert S, Monthouel MN, Charvet C, et al. Vav2 activates c-fos serum response element and CD69 expression, but negatively regulates NF-AT and IL-2 gene activation in T lymphocyte. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 20849-57.
- 25. Fackler OT, Lu X, Frost JA, et al. p21-activated kinase 1 plays a critical role in cellular activation by Nef. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20: 2619-27.
- 26. Mahana W, Zhao TM., Teller R, Robinson MA, Kindt TJ. Genes in the pX region of human T cell leukemia virus I influence Vav phosphorylation in T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 1782-7.
- 27. Chiang YJ, Kole HK, Brown K, et al. Cbl-b regulates the CD28 dependence of T-cell activation. Nature 2000; 403: 216-20.
- 28. Krawczyk C, Bachmaier K, Sasaki T, et al. Cbl-b is a negative regulator of receptor clustering and raft aggregation in T cells. Immunity 2000; 13: 463-73.