Abstracts
Résumé
Plusieurs protéines bactériennes décrites ces dernières années ont pour propriété commune d’inhiber la prolifération des cellules en culture, sans toutefois provoquer de cytotoxicité immédiate. De telles observations suggèrent l’existence de mécanismes bactériens de contrôle du cycle cellulaire eucaryote qui contribueraient au pouvoir pathogène ou à l’adaptation des souches à leur hôte. Ce concept émergent est analysé de manière critique, en prenant comme modèle une famille de toxines dont le mode d’action sur le cycle cellulaire a été récemment particulièrement bien étudié: les cytolethal distending toxins (CDT). Par le biais d’une probable altération de l’ADN, de nature encore indéterminée, ces protéines activent un point de contrôle (checkpoint) du cycle cellulaire, aboutissant au blocage des cellules en phase G2. Il existe encore peu de données expérimentales permettant d’extrapoler in vivo l’activité antiproliférative de ces protéines bactériennes, que nous proposons d’appeler cyclostatines, et dont le mode d’action est probablement très diversifié.
Summary
Several bacterial proteins have been recently described that share the ability to inhibit the proliferation of cells in culture without causing early signs of cytotoxicity. Such observations suggest the existence of bacterial mechanisms of control of the eukaryotic cell cycle contributing to pathogenicity or adaptation to the host. This emerging concept of cellular microbiology is critically analyzed considering as a model the cytolethal distending toxins (CDT), a family of toxins whose mode of action on the cell cycle has been thoroughly studied over the last few years. CDTs activate a physiological G2 checkpoint in exposed cells, probably from an initial DNA alteration whose precise molecular nature has not yet been determined. Experimental data are lacking to extrapolate in vivo the antiproliferative effect of these bacterial proteins that we tentatively propose to call cyclostatins.
Appendices
Références
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