Abstracts
Résumé
Avec cet article, nous désirons 1) expliciter les principes du réalisme ontique et 2) proposer une définition de la réalité justifiable dans ce cadre. Le réalisme ontique suppose l’existence d’une réalité hors de la conscience, mais ne se commet pas quant à la possibilité de la saisir. Par « réalité », nous désignons l’existence de discontinuités. En sciences sociales, ces discontinuités sont le plus souvent dynamiques et contingentes. Comme assise aux méthodes quantitatives en sciences sociales, la conception du réel peut donc se limiter à postuler une structure informationnelle indépendante de la conscience. À la lumière de la stabilité de certains résultats scientifiques et de la faillibilité du savoir, le réalisme ontique nous parait tenable.
Abstract
With this paper, we endeavour to 1) explain the principles of onticrealism, and 2) propose a definition of reality that is justifiable inthis framework. Ontic realism supposes the existence of amind-independent reality, but does not commit to the possibility ofknowing it. By “reality,” we mean the existence ofdiscontinuities. In social sciences, these discontinuities are usuallydynamic and contingent. As a basis for quantitative methods in socialsciences, our conception of reality can thus be limited to theassumption of a mind-independent informational structure. Given thestability of several scientific results and the fallibility ofknowledge, ontic realism seems tenable.
Download the article in PDF to read it.
Download
Appendices
Note biographique
Jimmy Bourque est professeur agrégé à la Faculté des sciences de l’éducation de l’Université de Moncton et directeur scientifique du Centre de recherche et de développement en éducation (CRDE).
Bibliographie
- Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. New York, NY : Doubleday.
- Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28, 117-148.
- Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F. et Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York, NY : The Guilford Press.
- Benson, O. et Stangroom, J. (2006). Why truth matters. Londres, Royaume-Uni : Continuum.
- Berger, P. L. et Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of Reality. A treatise in the sociology of Knowledge. Garden City, NY : Anchor Books.
- Bhaskar, R. (2008). A realist theory of science. London, Royaume-Uni : Verso. (Ouvrage original publié en 1975)
- Carnap, R. (1967). The logical structure of the world. Pseudoproblems in philosophy (2e ed.). Berkeley, CA : University of California Press. (Ouvrage original publié en 1928)
- Chakravartty, A. (2007). A metaphysics for scientific realism. Cambridge, Royaume-Uni : Cambridge University Press.
- Cobern, W. W. et Loving, C. C. (2008). An essay for educators: Epistemological realism really is common sense. Science & Education, 17(4), 425-447.
- Floridi, L. (2008). A defence of informational structural realism. Synthese, 161(2), 219-253.
- Giere, R. N. (2006). Scientific perspectivism. Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press.
- Glasersfeld, E. (1996). Radical constructivism. A way of knowing and learning. New York, NY : Routledge Falmer.
- Hacking, I. (1999). The social construction of what? Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
- Harré, R. (2009). Saving critical realism. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 39(2), 129-143.
- Heidegger, M. (2010). Being and time. Albany, NY : State University of New Nork Press. (Ouvrage original publié en 1953)
- Hibberd, F. J. (2009). John Anderson’s development of (situational) realism and its bearing on psychology today. History of the Human Sciences, 22(4), 63-92.
- Husserl, E. (2000). Méditations cartésiennes. Paris, France : VRIN. (Ouvrage original publié en 1931)
- Kant, I. (2008). Critique of pure reason. Londres, Royaume-Uni : Penguin. (Ouvrage original publié en 1781)
- Kincaid, H. (2008). Structural realism and the social sciences. Philosophy of Science, 75(5), 720-731.
- Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions (3e ed). Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press.
- Lacey, H. (1999). Scientific understanding and the control of nature. Science and Education, 8(1), 13-35.
- Ladyman, J. (1998). What is structural realism? Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 29(3), 409-424.
- Ladyman, J. (2001). Science, metaphysics and structural realism. Philosophica, 67(1), 57-76.
- Marková, I. (2003). Dialogicality and social representations. The dynamics of mind. Cambridge, Royaume-Uni : Cambridge University Press.
- Michell, J. (1988). Maze’s direct realism and the character of cognition. Australian Journal of Psychology, 40(3), 227-249.
- Michell, J. (1997). Quantitative science and the definition of measurement in psychology. British Journal of Psychology, 88(3), 355-383.
- Pratten, S. (2009). Critical realism and causality: Tracing the Aristotelian legacy. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 39(2), 189-218.
- Psillos, S. (1999). Scientific realism. How science tracks truth. Abington, Royaume-Uni : Routledge.
- Psillos, S. (2009). Knowing the structure of nature. Essays on realism and explanation. Basingstoke, Royaume-Uni : Palgrave Macmillan.
- Putnam, H. (1975). Mathematics, matter and method. Cambridge, Royaume-Uni : Cambridge University Press.
- Rorty, R. (1989). Contingency, irony, and solidarity. New York, NY : Cambridge University Press.
- Sayer, A. (2000). Realism and social science. Londres, Royaume-Uni : Sage.
- Searle, J. R. (1995). The construction of social reality. New York, NY : The Free Press.
- Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson Education.
- Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-177.
- Weber, M. (1965). Essais sur la théorie de la science. Paris, France : Plon.
- Williams, M. (2009). Social objects, causality and contingent realism. Journal of the Theory of Social Behaviour, 39(1), 1-18.
- Wittgenstein, L. (1969). On certainty. Oxford, Royaume-Uni : Blackwell.
- Wittgenstein, L. (2001). Philosophical investigations. Oxford, Royaume-Uni : Blackwell. (Ouvrage original publié en 1953)
- Worrall, J. (1989). Structural realism: The best of both worlds? Dialectica, 43(1-2), 99-124.
Appendices
Biographical note
Jimmy Bourque is associate professor at the Faculty of Education of the Université de Moncton and scientific director of the Centre de recherche et de développement en éducation (CRDE).