Abstracts
Abstract
This article explores the drivers of participation in virtual communities of practice based on Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory (SDT). Our research is based on the study of a virtual international community. The data was collected through 14 semi-structured interviews, direct observation and analysis of documentation. The main findings confirm the importance of competence, autonomy, and relatedness as motivation factors, as in line with SDT, whereas the main contribution is the identification of energizing leader, exclusive resources, and transformative purpose as three additional motivation factors. We have also, differentiated the factors of motivation according to the level of participation in community life (core, active and periphery).
Keywords:
- Virtual community of practice,
- Motivation,
- Participation,
- Self-Determination Theory
Résumé
Cet article étudie les facteurs de motivation à la participation aux communautés de pratique virtuelles en utilisant la théorie de l’autodétermination de Deci et Ryan (SDT). Notre recherche est fondée sur l’étude d’une communauté internationale virtuelle. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen de 14 entretiens semi-directifs, d’observations et d’analyse de documentation. Les résultats confirment l’importance de la compétence, de l’autonomie et de la relation comme facteurs de motivation, conformément à la SDT. L’article identifie également le leadership inspirant, le contenu exclusif et la mission de transformation comme des facteurs de motivation supplémentaires. Les principales sources de motivation des membres varient en fonction de leur niveau de participation (noyaux dur, actif et périphérie) dans la communauté.
Mots-clés :
- Communautés de pratique virtuelles,
- Motivation,
- Participation,
- Théorie de l’autodétermination
Resumen
Este artículo explora los impulsores de la participación en las comunidades de práctica virtuales basándose en la teoría de la autodeterminación de Deci y Ryan (SDT). Nuestra investigación se basa en el estudio de una comunidad virtual internacional. Los datos se recogieron mediante 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación y revisión bibliográfica. Los resultados confirman la importancia de la competencia, la autonomía y las relaciones como factores motivadores, alineados con la SDT. El artículo también identifica el liderazgo inspirador, el contenido exclusivo y la misión de transformación como impulsores de motivación adicionales. Las fuentes de motivación de los miembros varían según su nivel de participación (núcleo duro, activo y periferia) en la comunidad.
Palabras clave:
- Comunidad virtual de práctica,
- Motivación,
- Participación,
- Teoría de la Autodeterminación
Appendices
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Agterberg, M., Van den Hooff, B., Huysman, M. & Soekijad, M. (2010). Keeping the Wheels Turning: The Dynamics of Managing Networks of Practicejom. Journal of Management Studies, 47(1), 85-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00867.x
- Andrews, D., Preece, J. & Turoff, M. (2002). A conceptual framework for demographic groups resistant to online community interaction. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 6(3), 9-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2002.11044239
- Ardichvili, A., Page, V. & Wentling, T. (2003). Motivation and barriers to participation in virtual knowledge-sharing communities of practice. Journal of Knowledge Management, 7(1), 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270310463626
- Bardin, L. (2001). L’analyse de contenu. Paris: PUF.
- Beres, J., & Janes, D. P. (2023). Virtual Communities of Practice for Faculty and Staff in Higher Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature. International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education/Revue Internationale Du E-Learning Et La Formation à Distance, 37(2). https://doi.org/10.55667/ijede.2022.v37.i2.1273
- Bickle, E., Allen, S. & Mayer, M. (2021). The use of virtual drop-in sessions during COVID-19 as a means increase engagement with Learning Development. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, (22), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi22.740
- Brodbeck, F. C., Kerschreiter, R., Mojzisch, A. & Schulz-Hardt, S. (2007). Group decision making under conditions of distributed knowledge: The information asymmetries model. The Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 459-479.
- Burger-Helmchen, T. & Cohendet, P. (2011). User Communities and Social Software in the Video Game Industry, Long Range Planning, 44, (5–6), 317-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2011.09.003
- Carpentier, P. (2021). Understanding individual motivations among members of online communities. Les Cahiers du numérique 17(1-2), 153-183, Editions Lavoisier. https://doi.org/10.3166/lcn.2021.006
- Chiu, C., Hsu, M. & Wang, E. T. (2006). Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories. Decision Support Systems, 42(3), 1872-1888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2006.04.001
- Chiu, T.K.F. (2022). Applying the self-determination theory (SDT) to explain student engagement in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of research on Technology in Education, 54(Sup1), S14-S30. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2021.1891998
- Cho, H., Chen, M.H. & Chung, S. (2010). Testing an integrative theoretical model of knowledge sharing behavior in the context of Wikipedia. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 61(6), 1198-1212. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21316
- De Melo Bezerra, J. & Hirata, C. M. (2011). Motivation and Its Mechanisms in Virtual Communities. In: Vivacqua, A.S., Gutwin, C., Borges, M.R.S. (eds) Collaboration and Technology. 17th International Conference, CRIWG 2011, Paraty, Brazil, October 2-7, 2011, Proceedings, (57-72). Spinger, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London, New York.
- De Vaujany, F. X., Holt, R., & Grandazzi, A. (2023). Organization as Time. Organization as Time: Technology, Power and Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 627-668. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627
- Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behaviour. New York: Plenum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7
- Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
- Dubé, L., Bourhis, A. & Jacob, R. (2005). The impact of structuring characteristics on the launching of virtual communities of practice, Journal of Organizational Change Management 18(2), 145-166. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810510589570
- Dupouët, O., Guillaume, L-P. & Masson, Z. (2022). In: Parmentier, G., Goglio, K. par In G. Parmentier, & K. Goglio (Eds.), Le guide pratique des communautés: un nouveau souffle pour les organisations, (5759). Éditions dinnovation, Grenoble.
- Eaton, P. W., & Pasquini, L. A. (2020). Networked practices in higher education: An etnography of the #AcAdv chat community. The Internet and Higher Education, 45, 100723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2019.100723
- Estagnasié, C. (2023). Working time: Time self-management practices of remote workers. In de Vaujany, F. X., Holt, R., & Grandazzi, A. (eds) Organization as Time: Technology, Power and Politics, (185-210).Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Faraj, S., Jarvenpaa, S.L. & Majchrzak, A. (2011). Knowledge collaboration in online communities. Organization Science, 22(5), 1224-1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0614
- Gagné, M. (2003). The role of autonomy support and autonomy orientation in the engagement of prosocial behavior. Motivation and Emotion, 27(3), 199-223. https://doi.org/10.1023/A: 1025007614869
- Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-363. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322
- Gilson, L., Maynard, T., Young, N.C.J & Hakonen, M. (2015). Virtual Teams Research: 10 Years, 10 Themes, and 10 Opportunities. Journal of Management, 41(5), 1313-1337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314559
- Guillaume, L.-P. Goglio, K. Thiesse, C. & Roulleaux -Dugage, M. (2022). Comment stimuler et reconnaître lengagement des membres dune communauté. In G. Parmentier & K. Goglio (Eds.), Le guide pratique des communautés: un nouveau souffle pour les organisations, (142-147). Éditions dinnovation, Grenoble.
- Hara, N., Shachaf, P. & Hew, K.F. (2010). Cross-cultural analysis of the Wikipedia community. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(10), 2097-2108. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21373
- Howe, J. (2006). The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired magazine, 14(6), 1-4.
- Jiang, Y., Liao, J., Chen, J., Hu, Y. & Du, P. (2021). Motivation for users’ knowledge sharing behavior in virtual brand communities: a psychological ownership perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 34(10), 2165-2183. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-06-2021-0436
- Jouny-Rivier, E., & Renault, S. (2020). Les stratégies de crowdsourcing pour innover: quels enjeux? Le cas des banques françaises. Management international, 24(5), 22-36. https://doi.org/10.7202/1075477ar
- Kalman, M., Monge, P., Fulk, J. & Heino, R. (2002). Motivations to Resolve Communication Dilemmas in Database-Mediated Collaboration. Communication Research, 29(2), 125-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650202029002002
- Kuem, J., Khansa L., and Kim S. (2020). Prominence and Engagement: Different Mechanisms Regulating Continuance and Contribution in Online Communities. Journal of Management Information Systems, 37(1), 162-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2019.1705510
- Lima, J., Carvalho, C. & Laboissiere Ambrosio, A.P. (2010). Knowledge Management in Virtual Communities of Practice. Knowledge Management, 93-110. https://doi.org/10.5772/9553
- Masson, Z. & Parmentier, G. (2021). Crisis Communities: New form of action during the
- COVID- 19 health crisis in Communities of innovation: How organizations harness collective creativity and build resilience. In P. Cohendet, M. Rao, E. Ruiz, B., Sarazin & L. Simon (eds). World Scientific. Publishing Co. Pte. Ldt., Singapore, Hackensack, Londo
- McLoughlin, C., Patel, K. D., O’Callaghan, T., & Reeves, S. (2018). The use of virtual communities of practice to improve interprofessional collaboration and education: findings from an integrated review. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 32(2), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2017.1377692
- Ogink, T. & Dong, J.Q. (2018). Stimulating innovation by user feedback on social media: the case of an online user innovation community. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 295‑302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.07.029
- Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods, 3rd edition, London. Sage Publications, London.
- Preece, J. (2001). Sociability and Usability in Online Communities: Determining and Measuring Success. Behavior and Information Technology, 20(5), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290110084683
- Rheingold, H. (2000). The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. Cambridge. MIT press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7105.001.0001
- Roberts, J.A., Hann, I.H. & Slaughter, S.A. (2006). Understanding the motivations, participation, and performance of open source software developers: a longitudinal study of the apache projects. Management Science, 52(7), 984-999. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0554
- Ryan, R. & Deci, E. L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the role of basic psychological needs in personality and the organization of behavior. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (654678). The Guilford Press, New York
- Schenk, E., & Guittard, C. (2012). Une typologie des pratiques de Crowdsourcing: l’externalisation vers la foule, au-delà du processus d’innovation. Management international, 16, 89-100. https://doi.org/10.7202/1012395ar
- Sibbald, S., Burnet, M., Callery, B. & Mitchell, J. (2022). Building a virtual community of practice: experience from the Canadian foundation for healthcare improvement’s policy circle. Health Research Policy and Systems, 20 (95), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00897-0
- Tapscott, D. & Williams, A. (2006). Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything, New York. Portfolio.
- Tham, A., Iaquinto, B. L., & Driml, S. (2022). Navigating external referencing through COVID-19 disruptions - Teaching tourism policy and planning in Australia and China. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 30, 100350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100350
- Thompson, M. (2005). Structural and epistemic parameters in communities of practice. Organization Science, 16(2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0120
- Tsai, HT. & Pai P. (2014). Why do newcomers participate in virtual communities? An integration of self-determination and relationship management theories. Decision Support Systems, 57, 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.09.001
- Ulla, M., & Perales, W. (2021). Emergency remote teaching during COVID19: The role of teachers’ online community of practice (CoP) in times of crisis. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2021(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.617
- Wasko, M. & Faraj, S. (2000). It is what one does: why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. Journal of Strategic Information System. 9(2-3), 155-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8687(00)00045-7
- Wasko, M. & Faraj, S. (2005). Why should I share? Examining social capital and knowledge contribution in electronic networks of practice. MIS Quarterly, 29, 35-57. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148667
- Wellman, B. (1997). An electronic group is virtually a social network, in: S. Kiesler (Ed.). Culture of the Internet, 179-205. Psychology Press, Hove.
- Wenger, E., McDermott R. & Snyder, W. (2002). Cultivating communities of practice: a guide to managing knowledge. Boston: Harvard Business School
- Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identify. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803932
- Wittenbaum, G. M., Hollingshead, A. B., & Botero, I. C. (2004). From cooperative to motivated information sharing in groups: Moving beyond the hidden profile paradigm. Communication Monographs, 71(3), 286-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/0363452042000299894
- Yin, R. K. (2015). Qualitative research from start to finish, 2nd éd., New York. Guilford Press.
- Yin, R.K. (2010). Qualitative Research from Start to Finish, New York. Guilford Press.
- Yoon, C. & Rolland, E. (2012). Knowledge-sharing in virtual communities: familiarity, anonymity, and self-determination theory. Behaviour and Information Technology, 31(11), 1133-1143. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2012.702355
10.7202/1075477ar