Abstracts
Abstract
The present article considers the evolution of relationships between four organizations located in Shanghai (two coworking spaces, a hackerspace and a public network of spaces dedicated to education) between the years 2011 and 2015. We start by describing how Shanghai’s urban policies lead to the development of vast real estate that failed at supporting smaller and less formal initiatives. Drawing from previous research and fieldwork, we show how groups of individuals started to organize with the goal of defining new spaces for discussions and activities around technological innovation and entrepreneurship. For each of the four organizations selected, we give a detailed account of their spatial and organizational developments over time, and how they relate to each other. We propose what we called “modes of assemblage” to understand how discrete and partial associations between them helped to change Shanghai’s discourse and positioning about innovation, prefiguring major national programs.
Keywords:
- Shanghai,
- open innovation,
- assemblage,
- third places,
- makers,
- communities,
- urban development
Résumé
Cet article considère l’évolution des relations entre quatre organisations situées à Shanghai (deux espaces de coworking, un hackerspace et un réseau public d’espaces dédiés à l’éducation) entre les années 2011 et 2015. Nous commençons par décrire comment les politiques urbaines de Shanghai conduisent au développement de vastes biens immobiliers qui ont échoué à soutenir des initiatives plus petites et moins formelles. En nous basant sur des travaux de recherche et de terrain antérieurs, nous montrons comment des groupes de personnes ont commencé à s’organiser dans le but de définir de nouveaux espaces de discussion et d’activités autour de l’innovation technologique et de l’entrepreneuriat. Pour chacun des quatre organismes sélectionnés, nous donnons un compte rendu détaillé de leurs développements spatiaux et organisationnels au fil du temps, et comment ils se rapportent les uns aux autres. Nous proposons ce que nous appelons des « modes d’assemblage » pour comprendre comment cette dynamique a contribué à changer le discours et le positionnement de Shanghai sur l’innovation, préfigurant les grands programmes nationaux.
Mots-clés :
- Shanghai,
- innovation ouverte,
- assemblage,
- tiers lieux,
- makers,
- communautés,
- développement urbain
Resumen
Este artículo analiza la evolución entre los años 2011 y 2015 de las relaciones entre cuatro organizaciones radicadas en Shanghai (dos espacios de coworking, un hackerspace y una red pública de espacios dedicados a la educación). Empezamos describiendo cómo condujeron las políticas urbanas de Shanghai al desarrollo de grandes activos inmobiliarios que no consiguieron apoyar iniciativas más pequeñas y menos formales. Basándonos en nuestras investigaciones y publicaciones anteriores, mostramos cómo se han organizado grupos de personas para definir nuevos espacios de discusión y actividades en torno a la innovación tecnológica y al espíritu empresarial. Para cada una de las cuatro organizaciones seleccionadas, presentamos en detalle su desarrollo espacial y organizacional a lo largo del tiempo, y de sus interrelaciones. Proponemos lo que llamamos "modos de montaje" para entender cómo ha ayudado esta dinámica a cambiar el discurso y el posicionamiento de Shanghai sobre la innovación, que ha prefigurado los grandes programas nacionales.
Palabras clave:
- Shanghai,
- innovación abierta,
- montaje,
- terceros lugares,
- makers,
- comunidades,
- desarrollo urbano
Appendices
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