Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article analyse les capacités hautement créatives comme un ensemble de ressources et compétences permettant d’accéder à une variété de connaissances distantes, de les articuler et de préserver leur redondance pour aboutir à des idées nouvelles et originales. Basé sur une étude de cas exploratoire sur les laboratoires d’innovation ouverte de trois grandes entreprises françaises, cet article se propose d’étudier la nature de ces capacités et le design organisationnel mis en place dans un contexte d’innovation ouverte. Les résultats permettent d’analyser le caractère distribué de ces ressources dans un espace inter-organisationnel et le nouvel équilibre entre contrôle / liberté pour les exploiter.
Mots-clés :
- Créativité organisationnelle,
- connaissances distantes,
- fluidité organisationnelle,
- pilotage managérial,
- laboratoires d’innovation ouverte
Abstract
This article analyzes highly creative capabilities as a set of resources and capabilities. They make it possible to access a variety of distant knowledge, to articulate them and preserve their redundancy in order to generate novel and original ideas. We develop an exploratory case study of the open innovation laboratories installed by three large French companies. The article investigates the nature of these capabilities and the organizational design installed in an open innovation framework. Results focus on the distributed character of these resources in an inter-organizational space, and the new trade-off between control and freedom required for their exploitation.
Keywords:
- Organizational creativity,
- distant knowledge,
- organizational fluidity,
- informal and formal control,
- open innovation laboratories
Resumen
Este artículo analiza las capacidades altamente creativas como un conjunto de recursos y habilidades que permite acceder a una variedad de conocimientos distantes, articularlos preservando la redundancia para desarrollar ideas nuevas y originales. Basado en un estudio de caso exploratorio sobre los laboratorios de innovación abierta de tres grandes empresas francesas, este artículo propone estudiar la naturaleza de estas capacidades y el diseño organizacional implementado en un contexto de innovación abierta. Los resultados permiten analizar la naturaleza distribuida de estos recursos en un espacio interorganizacional y el nuevo equilibrio entre control / libertad para explotarlos.
Palabras clave:
- Creatividad organizacional,
- Conocimiento distante,
- Fluidez organizacional,
- Gestión,
- Laboratorios de innovación abierta
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Amabile, Teresa; Fisher, Colin (2009). « Creativity, improvisation and organizations », chapitre 2 in T Rickards., M.A Runco., S Moger (sous la direction), The Routledge Companion to creativity, Routledge, 296 p.
- Amabile, Teresa; Conti, Rina; Coon, Heather; Lazenby, Jeffrey; Herton, Micheal (1996). « Assessing the Work Environment for Creativity », Academy of ManagementJournal, Vol. 39, N°5, p.1154–84.
- Andersen, Poul H.; Kragh, Hanne; Lettl, Christopher (2013). « Spanning organizational boundaries to manage creative processes : The case of the LEGO Group. », Industrial Marketing Management, Vol.42, N°1, p.125–134.
- Anderson, Neil; Potočnik, Kristina; Zhou, Jing (2014). « Innovation and creativity in organizations : A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework », Journal of Management, Vol. 40, N°5, p.1297–1333.
- Bergendahl, Magus; Magnusson, Mats (2015). « Creating Ideas for Innovation : Effects of Organizational Distance on Knowledge Creation Processes », Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 24, N°1, p. 87–101.
- Björk, Jennie (2012). « Knowledge domain spanners in ideation », Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 21, N°1, p.17–27.
- Björk, Jennie; Boccardelli, Paolo; Magnusson, Mats (2010). « Ideation Capabilities for Continuous Innovation », Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 19, N°4, p.385–396.
- Björk, Jennie; Magnusson, Mats (2009). « Where Do Good Innovation Ideas Come From ? Exploring the Influence of Network Connectivity on Innovation Idea Quality », The Journal of product innovation management, Vol. 26, N°6, p. 662–670.
- Brann, EvaT.H. (1991). The World of Imagination Sum and Substance, Landham : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc, Maryland 303 p.
- Caniëls, Marjolen C. J.; Rietzschel, Eric F. (2015). « Organizing creativity : Creativity and innovation under constraints », Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 24, N°2, p.184–196.
- Chen, Chung-Jen; Huang, Yi-Fen (2010). « Creative workforce density, organizational slack, and innovation performance », Journal of Business Research, Vol. 63, N°4, p.411–417.
- Chesbrough, Henry W. (2003). Open Innovation : The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Harvard Business Review Press, 223p.
- Chesbrough, Henry W. (2006). « Open Innovation : A New Paradigm for Understanding Industrial Innovation ». In Chesbrough, H.W., Vanhaverbeke,W. and West, J. (sous la direction de), Open Innovation : Researching a New Paradigm. Oxford University Press, p. 1–12.
- Cohen Wesley M.; Levinthal Daniel A. (1990). « Absorptive capacity : a new perspective on learning and innovation », Administrative Science Quartely, Vol. 35, N°1, p.128-152.
- Cohendet Patrick; Creplet Frédéric; Dupouet Olivier (2006). La gestion des connaissances : firmes et communautés de savoir, collection Gestion, Economica, 252 p.
- Cohendet Patrick; Llerena Patrick; Simon Laurent (2010). « The innovative firm : nexus of communities and creativity », Revue d’économie industrielle, N°129/130, p.139-170.
- Cohendet, Patrick; Simon, Laurent (2007). « Playing across the playground : paradoxes of knowledge creation in the videogame firm », Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 28, N°5, p.587–605.
- Coradi, Annina; Heinzen, Mareike, Boutellier, Roman (2015). « A Longitudinal Study of Workspace Design for Knowledge Exploration and Exploitation in the Research and Development Process », Creativity & Innovation Management, Vol.24, N°1, p.55–71.
- Frey, Karsten; Lüthje, Christian; Haag, Simon (2011). « Whom should firms attract to open innovation platforms ? The role of knowledge diversity and motivation », Long Range Planning, Vol. 44, N°5-6, p.397–420.
- Geiger, Scott W.; Makri, Marianna (2006). « Exploration and exploitation innovation processes : The role of organizational slack in R & D intensive firms ». Journal of High Technology Management Research, Vol. 17, N°1, p.97–108.
- George Jennifer M. (2007). « Creativity in Organization », The Academy of Management Annals, Vol.1, N°1, p.439-477.
- Glaser, Barney G., & Strauss, Anselm L. (1967). Discovery of Grounded Theory, Strategy for Qualitative Research. Chicago (IL) : Aldine Publishing.
- Grant Robert M. (2013). « Reflections on knowledge-based approaches to the organization of production » Journal of Management and Governance, Vol 17, N°7, p. 541-558
- Gumusluoglu, Lale; Ilsev, Arzu (2009). « Transformational leadership, creativity and organizational innovation », Journal of Business Research Vol. 62, p. 461-473.
- Hansen, Morten T.; Nohria, Nitin; Tierney, Thomas (1999) « What’s your strategy for managing knowledge ? », Harvard Business review, march-april, p. 1-9.
- Harvey, Jea-François, Naggar, Raouf, Cohendet, Patrick; Simon Laurent (2013). « Gérer les idées pour mieux innover », Gestion, Vol. 38, N°3, p. 25–34.
- Harvey, Sarah (2014). « Creative synthesis : Exploring the process of extraordinary group creativity », Academy of Management Review, Vol. 39, N°3, p.324–343.
- Harvey, Sarah; Kou, Chia-Yu. (2013). « Collective engagement in creative tasks : The role of evaluation in the creative process in groups », Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 58, N°3, p.346–386.
- Hirschhorn, Larry; Gilmore, Thomas (1992). « The new boundaries of the “boundaryless company” », Harvard Business Review, may-june.
- Howells, Jeremy (2006). « Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation », Research Policy, Vol. 35, N°5, p. 715–728.
- Hsiao, Ruey L.; Tsai, Dun-Hou; Lee, Ching-Fang (2012). « Collaborative Knowing : The Adaptive Nature of Cross-Boundary Spanning », Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 49, N°3, p.463–491.
- Huizingh, Elko K.R. (2011). « Open innovation : State of the art and future perspectives », Technovation, Vol. 31, N°1, p. 2–9.
- Jelinek, Mariann, A.; Romne, Georges, A.; L.; Boland, Richard J. (2008). « Introduction to the Special Issue : Creating Collaborative Artifacts and Research ». Organization Science, Vol. 29, p. 317–329
- Laursen, Keld (2012). « Keep searching and you’ll find : What do we know about variety creation through firms’ search activities for innovation ? », Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 21, N°5, p.1181–1220.
- Levina, Nathalia; Vaast, Emmanuelle (2005). « The Emergence of Boundary Spanning Competence in Practice : Implications for Implementation and Use of Information Systems ». MIS Quarterly, Vol. 29, N°2, p. 335–363.
- Lichtenthaler, Ulrich (2008). « Relative capacity : Retaining knowledge outside a firm’s boundaries », Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 25, N°3, p.200–212.
- Magadley, Wissam; Birdi, Kamal (2009). « Innovation Labs : An Examination into the Use of Physical Spaces to Enhance Organizational Creativity », Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 18, N°4, p. 315–325.
- Mahmoud-Jouini, Sihem Ben (2016). « Le numérique au service des entités dédiées à l’innovation de rupture ». Revue Française de Gestion, Vol. 254, N°1, p. 65–87.
- McFadzean, Elsepth (2001). « Critical factors for enhancing creativity », Strategic Change, Vol. 10, N° 5, p. 267–283.
- Merindol Valérie; Bouquin Nadège; Versailles David W.; Aubouin Nicolas; Capdevilla, Ignasi; Lechaffotec Alexandra, Chiovetta Alexandre; Voisin Thomas (2016). Le livre blanc des open labs en France, Quelles pratiques ? Quels changements en France ?, ANRT- Futuris et newPIC / PSB, Paris, http://www.newpic.fr/02group2015openlabsdownload.html
- Miles, Matthews B.; Huberman, A. Michael (1994). Qualitative data analysis, An expanded sourcebook. London : Sage.
- Moultrie, James; Nilsson, Mikael; Dissel, Marcel; Haner, Udo-Ernst.; Janssen, Sebastiaan; Van der Lugt, Remko (2007). « Innovation Spaces : Towards a Framework for Understanding the Role of the Physical Environment in Innovation », Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 16, N°1, p.53–65.
- Naqshbandi, Muzamil; Kaur, Sharan. (2011). « Relative Capacity : dimensions and open innovation », Journal of Management Research, Vol. 11, N°2, pp. 77–86.
- Napier, Nancy K.; Nilsson, Mickeal (2006). « The Development of Creative Capabilities in and out of Creative Organizations : Three Case Studies ». Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 15, N°3, p. 268–278.
- Nijstad, Bernard A.; Stroebe,Wolfgang (2006). « How the Group Affects the Mind : A Cognitive Model of Idea Generation in Groups », Personality and Social Psychology Review, Vol. 10, N°3, p. 186–213.
- Nonaka, Ikujiro (1994). « A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation », Organization Science, Vol. 5, N°1, p. 14-37
- Nonaka, Ikujiro; Toyoma, Ryoko, Konno Noburo (2000). « SECI, Ba and leadership : a unified model of dynamic knowledge creation », Long Range Planning, Vol. 33, N° 1, p. 5-34
- Nooteboom, Bart (2000). Learning and innovation in organizations and economies, Oxford University Press, 321 p.
- Ollila, Suzanne; Elmquist, Maria (2011). « Managing Open Innovation : Exploring Challenges at the Interfaces of an Open Innovation Arena », Creativity and Innovation Management, vol. 20, N°4, p.273–283.
- Ollila, Suzanne; Yström, Anna (2016). « Exploring Design Principles of Organizing for Collaborative Innovation : The Case of an Open Innovation Initiative », Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 25, N°3, p.363–377.
- Parmentier, Guy; Mangematin, Vincent (2014). « Orchestrating innovation with user communities in the creative industries », Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 83, N°1, p. 40–53
- Perrin, Alexandre (2011). « Les pratiques des gestionnaires de connaissances chez Lafarge », Management des systèmes d’information, vol 16, N° 3, p.148-167.
- Piezunka, Henning; Dahlander, Linus (2015). « Distant search, narrow attention : how crowding alters organizations’filtering of suggestions in crowdsourcing », Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 58, N°3, p. 8856-880.
- Reagans, Ray; McEvily, Bill (2003). « Network Structure and Knowledge Transfer : The Effects of Cohesion and Range », Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 48, N°2, p. 240–267.
- Rickards, Tudor; Moger, Susan (2000). « Creative Leadership Processes in Project Team Development : An Alternative to Tuckman’s Stage Model », British Journal of Management, Vol. 11, N°4, p. 273–283.
- Sandstrom, Christian; Bjork, Jennie (2010). « Idea management systems for a changing innovation landscape », International Journal of Product Development, Vol. 11, N°3, p. 310–324.
- Schreyogg, Georg; Sydow, Jörg (2010). « Organizing for Fluidity ? Dilemmas of New Organizational Forms », Organization Science, Vol. 21, N°6, p.1251–1262.
- Schulz, Klaus P.; Geithner, Silke; Woelfel, Christian; Krzywinski, Jens (2015). « Toolkit-based modelling and serious play as means to foster creativity in innovation processes », Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 24, N°2, p.323–340.
- Smith, Ken G., Collins, Christopher J.; Clark, Kevin, D. (2005). « Existing Knowledge, Knowledge Creation Capability, and the Rate of New Product Introduction in High-Technology Firms », Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 48, N°2, p. 346–357.
- Strauss, Anselm L.; Corbin, Juliet, M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research. 2nd ed., London : Sage.
- Tang, Chaoying; Ye, Linna (2015). « Diversified Knowledge, R&D Team Centrality and Radical Creativity », Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 24, N°1, p.123–135.
- Thanasopon, Bundit; Papadopoulos, Thanos; Vidgen, Richard (2016). « The role of openness in the fuzzy front-end of service innovation », Technovation, Vol. 47, p.32–46.
- Thomas, Gary (2010). « Doing Case Study : Abduction Not Induction, Phronesis Not Theory », Qualitative Inquiry, Vol. 16, N° 7, p. 575–582.
- Tushman M.; Smith W.K., Wood R.C.; Westerman G.; O’Reilly C. (2010). « Organizational designs and innovation streams », Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 19(5), p.1331-1366.
- Tushman, Michael L. (1977). « Special boundary roles in the innovation process ». Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 22, N°4, p. 587–605.
- Wallin, Martin W.; VonKrogh, Georg (2010). « Organizing for open innovation : Focus on the integration of knowledge », Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 39, N°2, p. 145–154.
- Weisberg, Richard, W. (1999). « Knowledge and creativity », in Steinberg J. (sous la direction de), Handbook of Creativity, Cambridge University Press.
- West, Joel; Bogers, Marcel (2014). « Leveraging external sources of innovation : a review of research on open innovation ». Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 31, N°4, p.814-831.
- Woodman, Richard W.; Sawyer, John E.; Griffin, Ricky W. (1993). « Toward a theory of organizational creativity », Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18, N°2, p.293–321.
- Yin, Robert K. (2009). Case study research : Design and methods, Newbury Park, CA : SAGE.