Abstracts
Abstract
Prior research establishes that international control by multinational corporations is based on three dimensions: centralisation, formalisation and socialisation. New control mechanisms appeared in the last decade, such as enterprise resource planning, short-term assignments and regional centres. Do these new mechanisms fit the three control dimensions? How do MNCs articulate their control mechanisms, including new ones? Using interviews with 77 managers of 47 French MNCs in 11 Asian countries, this study presents an exploratory factor analysis and clustering. The findings show that French MNCs control their Asian subsidiaries through four dimensions: centralisation of decision making, formalisation of subsidiaries, socialisation and expatriation.
Keywords:
- multinational companies,
- subsidiaries,
- regional organisation,
- control,
- Asia
Résumé
Le contrôle à l'international de leurs activités par les multinationales implique trois dimensions: centralisation, formalisation et socialisation. De nouveaux mécanismes de contrôle (les ERP, les missions de court terme, les sièges régionaux...) se sont développés récemment. S'inscrivent-ils dans ces trois dimensions ? Comment les multinationales articulent-elles l'ensemble des mécanismes de contrôle ? L'analyse des réponses de 77 cadres de 47 multinationales françaises dans 11 pays d'Asie, par factorisation et classification hiérarchique, révèle quatre dimensions de contrôle : centralisation de la décision, formalisation des filiales, socialisation et expatriation. Cinq types de multinationales se distinguent selon la combinaison des mécanismes de contrôles.
Mots-clés :
- firmes multinationales,
- filiales,
- Structures régionales,
- contrôle,
- Asie
Resumen
Las multinacionales controlan sus actividades al internacional según tres dimensiones: centralización- formalización- socialización. Recientemente, nuevos mecanismos de control se han desarrollado (ERP, misiones de corto plazo, sedes regionales…). ¿Esos elementos se inscriben en esas tres dimensiones? ¿Cómo las multinacionales coordinan el conjunto de los mecanismos de control? Analizando las respuestas de 77 jefes de 47 multinacionales francesas instaladas en 11 países asiáticos, según un proceso de factorización y clasificación jerárquica, este estudio revela cuatro dimensiones de control: centralización de la decisión, formalización de las sucursales, socialización y expatriación. Cinco tipos de multinacionales se destacan entonces según la combinación de sus mecanismos de control.
Palabras clave:
- empresas multinacionales,
- Sucursales,
- estructuras regionales,
- control,
- Asia
Appendices
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