Abstracts
Résumé
La théorie comme la pratique des affaires ont semblé obéir à deux croyances : les marchés devraient être flexibles et les entreprises devaient chercher à optimiser la performance individuelle de leurs employés. Ces croyances reposent sur l’idée que, pour faire face à une information qui est inégalement distribuée, peut être cachée ou manipulée, il suffit de concevoir des incitations individuelles appropriées. La création de connaissance requiert au contraire la mise en oeuvre de réseaux sociaux, entre entreprises comme dans l’entreprise, dédiés à coordonner les investissements concurrents comme complémentaires dans un monde caractérisé par l’irréversibilité et l’incertitude.
Mots-clés :
- communauté,
- connaissance,
- coordination,
- incitation,
- information,
- marché,
- organisation,
- réseau social
Abstract
Theory and business practice seemed to obey two beliefs: markets should be flexible and firms should seek to maximize the individual performance of their employees. These beliefs are based on the idea that, in order to deal with an information which is unevenly distributed, hidden or manipulated, only appropriate individual incentives are needed. On the contrary, creation of knowledge requires the implementation of social networks, between firms and inside the firm, aimed at coordinating competitive as well as complementary investments in a world characterized both by irreversibility and uncertainty.
Keywords:
- community,
- knowledge,
- coordination,
- incentives,
- information,
- market,
- organization,
- social network
Resumen
La teoría y la práctica de los negocios parecen obedecer a dos creencias: los mercados deben ser flexibles y las empresas deben optimizar el desempeño individual de sus empleados. Estas creencias encuentran fundamento en la idea que, para hacer frente a una información disparmente distribuida, escondida o manipulada, solo basta con proporcionar los incentivos individuales adecuados. Sin embargo, la creación de conocimiento requiere la puesta en marcha de redes sociales, entre empresas como así también al interior de la propia empresa, destinadas a coordinar tanto las inversiones competitivas como las complementarias en un mundo caracterizado por la irreversibilidad y la incertidumbre.
Palabras clave:
- comunidad,
- conocimiento,
- coordinación,
- incentivos,
- información,
- mercado,
- organización,
- red social
Appendices
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