Abstracts
Abstract
This article aims at defining the concept of creative city. It attempts to clarify the notions of creativity, innovation and invention, often used interchangeably in academic or professional debates. It is argued that creativity does not result from the talents of a few individuals, but that it nourishes itself from the repeated exchanges among a variety of heterogeneous entities that contribute in their own way to foster the development of new ideas. Creative cities can be considered as specific innovative clusters that allow the creative process to be fully expressed, illustrated by the case studies on Montréal and Barcelona.
Keywords:
- Creativity,
- innovation,
- invention,
- creative spaces,
- underground,
- creative industries,
- Montréal,
- Barcelona
Résumé
Cet article vise à définir le concept de ville créative. Il tente de clarifier les notions de créativité, innovation et invention, souvent utilisées de manière interchangeable dans les débats académiques et professionnels. Il avance que la créativité n’est pas seulement le résultat du talent de certains individus, mais qu’elle se nourrit également des échanges répétitifs entre des entités hétérogènes qui contribuent à leur manière à favoriser le développement de nouvelles idées. Les villes créatives peuvent ainsi être considérées comme des grappes innovatrices particulières qui permettent l’expression entière du processus créatif, illustré par les études de cas de Montréal et Barcelone.
Mots clés:
- Créativité,
- innovation,
- invention,
- milieux créatifs,
- underground,
- industries créatives,
- Montréal,
- Barcelone
Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo es definir el concepto de ciudad creativa y clarificar las nociones de creatividad, innovación e invención, usadas frecuentemente de forma intercambiable en los debates profesionales y académicos. Se propone que la creatividad no solo es el resultado del talento individual de algunos, sino que es una retroalimentación originada a través de intercambios repetidos entre entidades heterogéneas que contribuyen cada una en el desarrollo de nuevas ideas. Las ciudades creativas pueden ser consideradas como clusters innovadores que permiten que el proceso creativo sea expresado enteramente, ilustrado por los estudios de caso de Montreal y Barcelona.
Palabras claves:
- Creatividad,
- innovación,
- invención,
- espacios creativos,
- underground,
- industrias creativas,
- Montreal,
- Barcelona
Appendices
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