Abstracts
Abstract
This paper is a report on a 10-month period of archival research aimed at uncovering key data related to the translation of the Indian Buddhist canon into Tibetan, a remarkable achievement that took some 900 years to complete. Our previous research relying on secondary (English-language) sources found that much information was either missing or unsubstantiated. In particular, the seemingly simple question of how many translators were involved in producing the Tibetan canon could not be satisfactorily answered. Without this foundational data, it is impossible to determine how many texts each translator produced, or who the most prolific translators were in Tibet’s history. Thus, Phase 1 of the archival research was to record the names, dates, and other relevant data of all the translators listed in the Tibetan canon. Phase 2 focused on researching biographical materials of some of the translators discovered during Phase 1. Pym calls this type of work “translation archaeology,” which is concerned with answering questions such as “who translated what, how, where, when, for whom and with what effect” (Pym 1998: 5). The data gathered at the end of the research period is presented and analyzed, difficulties encountered are discussed, and areas of further research are suggested.
Keywords:
- translation history,
- Tibet,
- Tibetan Buddhism,
- translation archaeology,
- Buddhist translation
Résumé
Ce document constitue un rapport sur des activités de recherche archivistiques d’une durée de 10 mois visant à rassembler des informations sur la traduction du canon bouddhiste indien en tibétain, entreprise remarquable dont la réalisation a pris plus de 900 ans. Nos recherches antérieures effectuées sur la base de sources secondaires (en anglais) ont révélé qu’une grande partie des informations étaient manquantes ou peu étayées. Notamment, la question – en apparence simple – de savoir combien de traducteurs avaient participé à la traduction du canon en tibétain n’avait pas trouvé de réponse satisfaisante. Sans cette information fondamentale, il est impossible de déterminer combien de textes ont été traduits par chaque traducteur, ou encore quels étaient les traducteurs tibétains les plus prolifiques. La première phase de recherche consistait à consigner les noms, dates et autres renseignements pertinents sur les traducteurs énumérés dans le canon tibétain. La deuxième phase consistait à rassembler de la documentation biographique sur certains des traducteurs découverts pendant la première phase. Pym a dénommé ce travail « archéologie de la traduction », une discipline qui cherche des réponses aux questions suivantes : « Qui a traduit quoi, où, quand, comment, pour qui et dans quel but » (Pym 1998 : 5). Les données rassemblées à la fin de la recherche sont présentées et analysées, puis nous discutons les difficultés rencontrées tout en suggérant de futurs domaines de recherche.
Mots-clés :
- histoire de la traduction,
- Tibet,
- bouddhisme tibétain,
- archéologie de la traduction,
- traduction du bouddhisme
Appendices
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