Abstracts
Abstract
Drawing on existing theories in the field, this paper seeks to explore the issues that surround the translation of Cuban testimonial texts, emphasizing the inevitable portrayal of the Self as an Other. The notion of translation as an articulation of otherness has become a focus of interest in contemporary translation studies. Notwithstanding the worth of the general framework that has emerged as a result, the need for country-specific research is underscored by Cuba’s unique location on the contemporary political map – and its alleged “exceptionalism” – which sets it apart from cultural contexts that have been previously studied. Because of the isolated nature of Cuba, it is important to highlight the gap between the Cuban literature that is published, translated and read outside Cuba, on the one hand, and the Cuban literature that is published and read in Cuba, on the other. The results of bibliographical research and fieldwork indicate that, although publishers and literary experts alike place great emphasis on the significance of otherness, their interest centres on the dissemination of the Cuban experience seen “from inside” (so as to counterbalance Cuban narratives produced by exiles). In doing so, they underscore the “universal nature” of the human experience and play down any alterity that may hinder the translation process.
Keywords:
- Cuba,
- exceptionalism,
- otherness,
- revolution,
- testimonial literature
Résumé
La présente contribution, qui se fonde sur des théories pertinentes du domaine, examine les questions liées à la traduction de témoignages littéraires d’auteurs cubains, sous l’angle de l’inévitable représentation du Soi en tant qu’Autre. La conception de la traduction en tant qu’articulation de l’altérité fait l’objet d’un intérêt croissant en traductologie. Le cadre général de recherche issu de cette tendance n’est certes pas sans mérite ; toutefois la nécessité d’un cadre de recherche spécifique à chaque pays est mise en relief par la position particulière de Cuba sur la scène politique contemporaine – et par l’affirmation de son statut d’« exception » – qui l’a tenue à l’écart des contextes culturels préalablement étudiés. Au vu de cet isolement de Cuba, il convient de mettre en lumière la différence entre la littérature cubaine éditée, traduite et lue en dehors de Cuba d’une part, et la littérature cubaine éditée et lue à Cuba d’autre part. Les résultats d’une recherche menée à la fois sur la bibliographie et sur le terrain indiquent, certes, qu’éditeurs et experts en littérature mettent beaucoup d’emphase sur l’importance de l’altérité. Cependant, il apparaît que leur intérêt se focalise en réalité sur la diffusion de l’expérience cubaine vue « de l’intérieur » (en contrepartie des écrits cubains produits par les auteurs exilés). Dans ce contexte, ils mettent l’accent sur « le caractère universel » de l’expérience humaine et mettent en doute toute altérité qui entraverait le processus de traduction.
Mots-clés :
- Cuba,
- exceptionnalisme,
- altérité,
- révolution,
- témoignage littéraire
Appendices
Bibliography
- Bassnett, Suzanne and Lefevere, André (1992): General Editor’s Preface. In: André Lefevere, ed. Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of the Literary Fame. London: Routledge, vii-viii.
- Benjamin, Walter (1923/1992): The Task of the Translator. In: Illuminations. (Translated by Harry Zohn) London: Fontana Press.
- Berman, Antoine (1992): The Experience of the Foreign. Culture and Translation in Romantic Germany. (Translated by Stefan Heyvaert) Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Bhabha, Homi K., ed. (1990): Nation and Narration. London/New York: Routledge.
- Bhabha, Homi K. (1994): The Location of Culture. London/New York: Routledge.
- Cardentey Levin, Antonio (2009): El imaginario doméstico en Casas del Vedado de María Elena Llana. Especulo. Revista de estudios literarios. 42. Visited on 15 October 2010, http://www.ucm.es/info/especulo/numero42/mellana.html.
- Chamberlain, Lori (1998): Gender metaphorics in translation. In: Mona Baker, ed. Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London/New York: Routledge, 93-96.
- Curbelo, Jesús David (2004): Para una historia de la traducción en Cuba. HISTAL. Visited on 10 October 2010, http://www.histal.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Para-una-historia-de-la-traducci%C3%B3n-en-Cuba.pdf.
- Derrida, Jacques (1981): Positions. (Translated by Alan Bass) London: The Athlone Press.
- Evans, Ruth (1998): Metaphors of Translation. In: Mona Baker, ed. Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London/New York: Routledge, 149-153.
- Even-Zohar, Itamar (1979): Polysystem Theory. Poetics Today. 1(1-2):287-310.
- Hatim, Basil and Mason, Ian (1990): Discourse and the Translator. London: Longman.
- Hoffmann, Bert and Whitehead, Laurence, eds. (2007): Debating Cuban Exceptionalism. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Kapcia, Antoni (2008): Does Cuba fit yet or is it still ‘Exceptional.’ Journal of Latin American Studies. 40(4):627-650.
- Leppihalme, Ritva (1997): Culture Bumps. An Empirical Approach to the Translation of Allusions. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
- Leppihalme, Ritva (2001): Translation strategies for realia. In: Pirjo Kukkonen and Ritva Hartama-Heinonen, eds. Mission, Vision, Strategies and Values. A Celebration of Translator Training and Translation Studies in Kouvola. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 139-148.
- Llana, María Elena (1983/2003): Un abanico chino. In: Salvador Bueno and Andrés Bansart, eds. Cuentos negristas. Caracas: Biblioteca Ayacucho.
- Meschonnic, Henri (1973): Pour la Poétique II: Epistémologie de l’écriture, Poétique de la traduction. Paris: Gallimard.
- Niranjana, Tejasinini (1992): Siting Translation. History, Poststructuralism and the Colonial Context. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Robinson, Douglas (1998): Ideology and Translation. In: Mona Baker, ed. Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London/New York: Routledge, 106-112.
- Simon, Sherry (1996): Gender in Translation. London/New York: Routledge.
- Toury, Gideon (1980): In Search of a Theory of Translation. Tel-Aviv: Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics.
- Toury, Gideon (1995): Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.
- Tymoczko, Maria (2007): Enlarging Translation, Empowering Translators. Manchester: St. Jerome.
- Venuti, Lawrence (1995): The Translator’s Invisibility. London: Routledge.
- Wilss, Wolfram (1982): The Science of Translation. Problems and Methods. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
- Yáñez, Mirta (1976/2003): Todos los negros tomamos café. In: Salvador Bueno and Andrés Bansart, eds. Cuentos negristas. Caracas: Biblioteca Ayacucho.
Interviews
- Interview with Daniel García, Director of Instituto Cubano del Libro, on 2 April 2008.
- Interview with Victor Malagón, Chief Specialist of Arte y Cultura, on 29 March 2008.
- Interview with José Quesada Pantoja, Publishing Editor of Pueblo y Educación, on 27 March 2008.
- Interview with Emmanuel Tornés, Chief Researcher in Cuban Literatura at the Instituto de Literatura y Lingüística, on 28 March 2008.