Abstracts
Abstract
Translation is at the centre of many cognitive domains such as pedagogy, linguistic, pragmatic, neurosciences, and social cognition. This multi-domain aspect is reflected in the current models of translation. Recently, cognitive neurosciences have unraveled some brain mechanisms in the bilingualism domain, and it is quite logical to transfer such knowledge to the field of translation as well as the learning of translation. One interesting question is which non-linguistic cognitive and communicative processes are particularly involved in translation. Particularly, in translation, the author’s intentions have to be interpreted although they may not be explicitly stated in the text. These intentions have to be considered while rendering the text for the target public, a process for which it is also important to anticipate the target public’s prior knowledge of the subject and the extent to which the author’s aims and intentions have to be adapted in order to be correctly communicated in the other language. In neuroscience, being able to imagine another person’s mental state is known as having a Theory of Mind (ToM). This skill seems dissociated from the group of executive functions – though it is very dependent on the latter – and seems to rely on a large but individualized brain network. While translation is a widely investigated phenomenon at the micro-level, there is scarcely any research about the process of interpretation going on at the macro-level of text interpretation and rendering. Preliminary neuroscience experiments on the translations paradigm suggest that neurosciences can bring interesting data not only to linguistic but also to cognitive and social mechanisms of translation strategies.
Keywords:
- Theory of Mind,
- interdisciplinary research,
- bilingualism,
- neurolinguistics,
- fMRI
Résumé
La traduction est au centre de différents domaines cognitifs, telles la pédagogie, la linguistique, la pragmatique, les neurosciences et la cognition sociale. Les modèles actuels de la traduction reflètent ce caractère interdisciplinaire. Récemment, les neurosciences ont découvert des mécanismes cérébraux en relation avec le bilinguisme, et il serait logique de transférer ce savoir à la traductologie et à l’apprentissage de la traduction. Un champ de recherche intéressant s’ouvre sur les processus communicatifs et non linguistiques qui sont particulièrement importants en traduction. L’interprétation des intentions de l’auteur, même si elles ne sont pas explicitement mentionnées dans le texte, sont au centre de l’activité du traducteur, tout comme l’anticipation du public cible, ses attentions et attitudes envers le texte. Le traducteur doit toujours les prendre en considération pendant son travail. En neurosciences, la capacité d’interpréter et d’anticiper le comportement d’autrui est connue sous le terme de Théorie de l’Esprit (Theory of Mind, ToM). Cette capacité semble être dissociée du groupe des fonctions exécutives, bien qu’elle en dépende, et semble être organisée en large réseau individuel. Tandis que la recherche en traductologie porte largement sur le niveau microstratégique, des études qui portent sur l’aspect des macrostratégies font souvent défaut. Les résultats préliminaires des expériences neuroscientifiques sur le paradigme de la traduction montrent que la recherche interdisciplinaire n’apporte pas seulement des données sur les mécanismes linguistiques, mais également sur les mécanismes cognitifs et sociaux des stratégies de traduction.
Mots-clés :
- Théorie de l’Esprit,
- recherche interdisciplinaire,
- bilinguisme,
- neurolinguistique,
- IRMf
Appendices
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