Abstracts
Abstract
In the Ottomans, translation activities took place without much significance until the 18th century. Due to the dominance of religion and the closed society structure, mostly texts on Islamic civilization and arts from Arabic and Persian were translated in the form of commentaries, explanations and footnotes. The only contribution of translation then may be said to be the promotion of written Ottoman Turkish which was used in Anatolia as well as among the Court circles. With the beginning of Westernization efforts in the 18th and largely in the 19th centuries, translation activities gained momentum and proliferated in kind and quantity. A large amount of books from the West and the East in the fields of science, literature, arts, social sciences, etc. were translated during that time. Although these activities were disorganized and inconsistent, they still helped the development of similar sciences and Modern Turkish Literature which was to reach its peak in the Modern Turkish Republic established in the 20 th century.
Keywords/Mots-clés:
- Ottoman Empire,
- translation activities,
- turkish literature,
- westernization,
- Modern Turkish Republic
Résumé
Dans l’Empire ottoman, l’activité traduisante n’a acquis sa véritable signification qu’à partir du 19e siècle. Du fait du régime islamique et de la structure sociale fermée de la société, l’Empire ottoman n’avait que peu de rapports avec l’Occident, ce qui explique que la traduction ait évolué de façon limitée et désorganisée, sans beaucoup d’influence sur l’activité culturelle et littéraire de la société, si ce n’est l’écriture de la langue turque ottomane. Les textes les plus souvent traduits de l’arabe et du persan étaient interprétés ou traduits sous une forme abrégée et concernaient en grande partie les textes islamiques. La traduction des oeuvres d’art et de la culture occidentale n’est apparue qu’au 19e siècle avec la réforme et les efforts d’occidentalisation. Bien qu’il fut accordé beaucoup d’importance aux traductions littéraires, scientifiques et philosophiques à cette époque, l’activité traduisante ne gagne de l’ampleur qu’avec la fondation de la République au 20e siècle.
Appendices
References
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