Abstracts
Abstract
The black power salute is a powerful call to arms for resistance and social change. In South Africa, black power is tied up with the Black Consciousness Movement of the 1970s, aiming to reclaim black identity. Integral to this attempt was the use of cultural and intellectual means, and under its aegis writers’ groups started forming in place of political groups (which were suppressed), as a base for mobilisation and collective action. But these writers could not effect social change on their own: they needed a platform—a publisher. Sipho Sepamla, writing in the New Classic in 1976, pointed to the absence of publishers as a hurdle for black writers: ‘A problem that wears us down is lack of publishers and outlets. There is not a single black publisher I know of in this country.’ In the context of the competing forces of repression and Black Consciousness, a few black publishers did emerge. Skotaville Press, for instance, aimed ‘to produce black literature that is relevant and contemporary—and to do it under black control from start to finish.’ However, it did this in somewhat ambiguous circumstances, relying on foreign funds and white patrons. Using archival records and interviews, this paper will assess the operations and output of these publishers, considering how race and context affects and inflects publishing. Moreover, it will ask why, in contrast to the legacy created by black power publishers in the US, a tradition of viable black‑owned publishing has not continued into the post‑apartheid period.
Keywords:
- black publishing,
- political publishing,
- Skotaville,
- South Africa
Résumé
Le salut du « Black Power » est un puissant appel aux armes pour la résistance et le changement social. En Afrique du Sud, le « Black Power » est lié au « Black Consciousness Movement » des années 1970, qui visait à revendiquer l’identité noire. L’utilisation de moyens culturels et intellectuels faisait partie intégrante de cette tentative et, sous son égide, des groupes d’écrivains ont commencé à se former à la place des groupes politiques (qui avaient été supprimés), pour servir de base à la mobilisation et à l’action collective. Mais ces écrivains ne pouvaient pas provoquer un changement social par eux‑mêmes : ils avaient besoin d’une plate‑forme, d’un éditeur. Sipho Sepamla, soulignait dans le New Classic en 1976 que l’absence d’éditeurs était un obstacle pour les écrivains noirs : « Le manque d’éditeurs et de débouchés est un problème qui nous tire vers le bas. À ma connaissance, il n’y a pas un seul éditeur noir dans ce pays ». Dans le contexte des forces concurrentes de la répression et du « Black Consciousness », quelques éditeurs noirs ont vu le jour. Skotaville Press, par exemple, avait pour objectif de « produire de la littérature noire pertinente et contemporaine — et de le faire sous le contrôle des Noirs du début à la fin ». Toutefois, elle a agi dans des circonstances quelque peu ambiguës, en s’appuyant sur des fonds étrangers et sur des mécènes blancs. À l’aide de documents d’archives et d’entretiens, cet article examine les activités et la production de ces éditeurs, en étudiant la manière dont la race et le contexte affectent et influencent l’édition. En outre, l’article se demande pourquoi, contrairement à l’héritage créé par les éditeurs du « Black Power » aux États‑Unis, une tradition de maisons d’édition viables appartenant à des Noirs ne s’est pas maintenue dans la période post‑apartheid.
Mots-clés :
- Édition noire,
- Édition politique,
- Skotaville,
- Afrique du Sud
Appendices
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