Abstracts
Abstract
This article presents a literature review of existing academic, journalistic and non-fiction writing that has furthered the assessment of the writer and the occupation of writing in recent years. It is structured around four prominent themes that research about writers and writing commonly falls under: Being a Writer; Reputation, Fame and Hierarchies; Psychoanalyses of the Writer; and Economies of Writing. The final section of this article, Future Research, will propose research questions and methodological approaches which have, until now, remained largely absent from studies of the writer and writing life, and argues that these new areas of investigation are necessary to continue broadening the field of research about writing and furthering our understanding of the writer’s inspirations, motivations and work practices.
Résumé
Le présent article établit une recension des écrits (savants, journalistiques et essayistiques) qui ont permis de mieux cerner la figure et le métier de l'écrivain au cours des dernières années. Il s'articule autour de quatre thèmes principaux, souvent repris dans de tels écrits : le statut d'écrivain; réputation, célébrité et hiérarchies; psychanalyses de l'écrivain; et économies de l'écriture. Dans la dernière partie de l'article, perspectives de recherche, nous proposons des questions de recherche et des approches méthodologiques peu ou pas exploitées, jusqu'ici, dans l'étude de l'écrivain et de son travail. Ces nouvelles avenues sont de nature à permettre l'élargissement du champ de la recherche sur l'écriture ainsi qu'une connaissance accrue des inspirations, des motivations et des pratiques de l'écrivain.
Appendices
Bibliography
- Akhtar, S. Comprehensive Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. London: Karnac Books, 2009.
- Authors Licensing and Collecting Society (ALCS). “What Are Words Worth? Counting the Cost of a Writing Career in the 21st Century: A Survey of 25,000 Writers.” http://www.alcs.co.uk/multimedia/pdf2/word2.pdf (Accessed October 10, 2017).
- “Barbara Taylor Bradford Dismisses Fifty Shades of Grey as ‘Mediocre and Juvenile.” The Telegraph (August 2012) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/9451308/Barbara-Taylor-Bradford-dismisses-Fifty-Shades-of-Grey-as-mediocre-and-juvenile.html.
- Banks, M. The Politics of Cultural Work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
- Banks, M., Gill, R., & Taylor, S. Theorizing Cultural Work: Labour, continuity and change in the cultural and creative industries. London: Routledge, 2013.
- Barthes, R. Image-Music-Text. London: Fontana Press, 1977.
- Bell, J. S. Plot & Structure: Techniques and Exercises for Crafting a Plot That Grips Readers from Start to Finish. Ohio: Writer’s Digest Books, 2004.
- Bell, J. S. Revision & Self-Editing: Techniques for Transforming Your First Draft Into a Finished Novel. Ohio: Writer’s Digest Books, 2008.
- Bennett, L. “Mommy Porn? Fifty Shades of Grey by EL James: Review.” The Telegraph. (April 2012) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/9201010/Mommy-porn-Fifty-Shades-of-Grey-by-EL-James-review.html.
- Bloom, L. Z. “Teaching Anxious Writers: Implications and Applications for Research.” Composition and Teaching 2 (1980): 47–60.
- Brand, A. & Leckie, P. “The Emotions of Professional Writers.” The Journal of Psychology 122, no. 5 (1988): 421–39.
- Brouillette, S. Postcolonial Writers in the Global Literary Marketplace. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
- Brouillette, S. Literature and the Creative Economy. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2014.
- Carolan, S. & C.Evain. “Self-Publishing: Opportunities and Threats in a New Age of Mass Culture.” Publishing Research Quarterly 29 (2013): 285–300. doi:10.1007/s12109-013-9326-3.
- Childress, C. Under the Cover: The Creation, Production, and Reception of a Novel. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2017.
- Criswell, J. & N. Canty. “Deconstructing Social Media: An Analysis of Twitter and Facebook Use in the Publishing Industry.” Publishing Research Quarterly 30 (2014): 352–76. doi: 10.1007/s12109-014-9376-1.
- Coker, Mark. “Why Do Writers Write?” The Huffington Post. (May 2011). https://www.huffingtonpost.com/mark-coker/why-do-writers-write_b_358640.html
- Connolly, C., ed. “Questionnaire: The Cost of Letters.” Horizon XIV, no. 81 (September 1946): 140–75. “Creative Freelancers.” Creative Industries Federation (July 2017). https://www.creativeindustriesfederation.com/sites/default/files/2017-07/Creative%20Freelancers%201.0.pdf.
- Daly, J. A. & D. A. Wilson. “Writing Apprehension, Self-Esteem, and Personality.” Research in Teaching of English 17, no. 4 (1983): 327–41.
- Darnton, J. Writers on Writing. New York: Times Books, 2002.
- Desrochers, N. and J. Pecoskie. “Studying a Boundary-Defying Group: An Analytical Review of the Literature Surrounding the Information Habits of Writers.” Library & Information Science Research 37 (2015): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2015.11.004.
- “Don LeLillo on Writing.” Perival. http://perival.com/delillo/ddwriting.html (accessed September 10, 2017).
- Eikhof, D. R., & C. York. “‘It’s a tough drug to kick’: A woman's career in broadcasting.” Work, Employment and Society 30, no. 1 (2016): 152–61.
- Finkelstein, D., & A. McCleery. An Introduction to Book History. London: Routledge, 2005.
- Flood, A. “Authors’ Incomes Collapse to ‘Abject’ Levels.” The Guardian (July 8, 2017). https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jul/08/authors-incomes-collapse-alcs-survey.
- Flower, L., J. R. Hayes, L. Carey, K. Schriver, & J. Stratman. “Detection, Diagnosis, and the Strategies of Revision.” College Composition and Communications 37, no.1 (1986): 16–55.
- Gold, B. K. “Literary Patronage.” In The Encyclopaedia of Ancient History, edited by R. S. Bagnall, K. Brodersen, C. B. Champion, A. Erskine, & S. R. Huebner. Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
- Greenblatt, S. Swerve: How the World Became Modern. New York: W. W. Norton, 2011.
- Hancock, E. “The 14 Richest Authors in the World in 2016.” Business Insider UK. (September 6, 2016). http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-highest-paid-authors-in-the-world-in-2016-2016-9/#1-james-patterson--713-million-95-million-14.
- Hesmondhalgh, D., & S. Bakers. Creative Labour: Media Work in Three Cultural Industries. London: Routledge, 2011.
- Holgate, A. & H. Wilson-Fletcher, eds. The Cost of Letters: A Survey of Literary Living Standards. Brentford: Waterstone’s, 1999.
- Holladay, S. A. “Writing Anxiety: What Research Tells Us.” Paper presented at the annual Conference of National Council of Teachers of English (1981).
- Johnson, M. “The Rise of the Citizen Author: Writing Within Social Media.” Publishing Research Quarterly 33 (2017): 131–46. doi: 10.1007/s12109-017-9505-8.
- Kaufman, S. B, & Kaufman, J. C., ed. The Psychology of Creative Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
- Kellogg, R. T. The Psychology of Writing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
- Kempton, Gloria. Dialogue: Techniques and Exercises for Crafting Effective Dialogue. Ohio: Writer’s Digest Books, 2004.
- Kennedy, A. L. On Writing. London: Vintage, 2013.
- King, Stephen. On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft. New York: Scribner, 2000.
- Kiernan, A. “‘Mad Girl’s Love Song’ Reflections on routes into reading, writing and mentoring.” Book 2.0, 6, no. 1 & 2 (2016): 47–57. doi: 10.1386/btwo.6.1-2.47_1.
- Kress, N. Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint: Techniques and Exercises for Crafting Dynamic Characters and Effective Viewpoints. Ohio: Writer’s Digest Books, 2005.
- Lang, G. E., & K. Lang. “Recognition and Renown: The Survival of Artistic Reputation.” American Journal of Sociology 94, no. 1 (1988): 79–100.
- Levitz, D. “Donation, Patron Services Help Fans Support Their Favourite Authors.” Mediashift (September 9, 2013). http://mediashift.org/2013/09/donation-patron-services-help-fans-support-their-favorite-authors/.
- Logie, John. “1967: The Birth of ‘The Death of the Author.’” College English 75, no. 5 (May 2013): 493–512. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24238249.
- “M.J. Hyland Interview with Colm Toíbín.” The Manchester Review (March 2009). http://archive.themanchesterreview.co.uk/content_item.php?id=212&page=4&issue=2.
- Manjoo, F. “How the Internet is Saving Culture Not Killing It.” The New York Times (March 2017). https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/technology/how-the-internet-is-saving-culture-not-killing-it.html?smid=pl-share.
- Marsden, S. “Positioning Publishing Studies in the Cultural Economy.” Interscript Online Magazine (July 2017). https://www.interscriptjournal.com/online-magazine/positioning-publishing-studies-in-the-cultural-economy.
- Martin, M. ed. Scratch: Writers, Money and the Art of Making a Living. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017.
- Michael, H. “How Writers Write: Exploring the Unconscious Fantasies of Writers.” Psychoanalytic Psychology 33, no. 1 (2016).
- Moran, J. Star Authors: Literary Celebrity in America. London: Pluto Press, 2000.
- O’Hagan, A. “Travelling Southwards.” London Review of Books 34, no. 14 (July 2012). https://www.lrb.co.uk/v34/n14/andrew-ohagan/travelling-southwards (Accessed 25, September 2017).
- “On Writing: Authors Reveal the Secrets of their Craft.” The Guardian (March 2011). https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/mar/26/authors-secrets-writing.
- Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. http://www.oed.com/.
- Ramdarshan Bold, M. “The Return of the Social Author: Negotiating Authority and Influence on Wattpad.” Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies (2016): 1–20.
- Rees, K van, & J. Vermunt. “Event History Analysis of Author’s Reputation: Effects of Critics’ Attention on Debutant’s Careers.” Poetics 23 (1996): 317–33.
- Rose, M. Writer’s Block: The Cognitive Dimension. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984.
- Rosengren, K. E. “Time and Literary Fame.” Poetics 14 (1985): 157–72.
- Rozelle, Ron. Description & Setting. Ohio: Writer’s Digest Books, 2005.
- Schreurs, K. “The E-Writing Experiences of Literary Authors.” PhD Diss., University of Western Ontario, 2017.
- Shaffi, S. “‘Huge Inequality’ in Writer Earnings.” The Bookseller. (April 25, 2015). https://www.thebookseller.com/news/huge-inequality-writer-earnings.
- Singh, A. “50 Shades of Grey is Best-Selling Book of All Time.” The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/booknews/9459779/50-Shades-of-Grey-is-best-selling-book-of-all-time.html (Accessed September 25, 2017).
- Strange, S., P. Hetherington, & A. Eaton. “Exploring the Intersections of Creative and Academic Life Among Australian Academic Creative Writing Practitioners.” New Writing, 13 (2016): 402–16.
- Squires, C. Marketing Literature: The Making of Contemporary Writing in Britain. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
- Stein, S. Stein On Writing. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
- Tate, R. “The Next Big Thing You Missed: ‘Eternal Kickstarter’ Reinvents Indie Art,” Wired. (October 2013). https://www.wired.com/2013/10/big-idea-patreon/.
- Tokumitsu, M. Do What You Love: And Other Lies about Success & Happiness. New York: Regan Arts, 2015.
- Tuchman, G. & N. E. Fortin. “Fame and Misfortune: Edging Women Out of the Great Literary Tradition.” American Journal of Sociology 90, no. 1 (July 1984): 72–96.
- van Dijk, N. “Neither the top nor the Literary Fringe: The Careers and Reputations of Middle Group Authors.” Poetics 26 (1999): 405–21.
- Verboord, M. “Classification of Authors by Literary Prestige.” Poetics 31 (2003): 259–81.
- White Jr., A. “The Writer and Psychoanalysis by Edmund Bergler.” Quarterly Review of Biology 27, no. 2 (1952).
- “World’s Highest-Paid Authors.” Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/pictures/5978d26ea7ea436467b5abe5/highest-paid-authors/#5f1faf4d4d79 (Accessed 10, October 2017).
- “Writing for a Living: a Joy or a Chore?” The Guardian (March 2009). https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/mar/03/authors-on-writing.
- Yoo, J. “Writing Out on a Limb: Integrating the Creative and Academic Writing Identity.” New Writing 14 (2017): 444–54.